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Cardiopulmonary > Effective Ventilation Module 4 > Flashcards

Effective Ventilation Module 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary goal of effective ventilation in cardiopulmonary care?

A

To ensure adequate oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide

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2
Q

True or False: Effective ventilation is crucial for maintaining proper gas exchange in the body.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: Ventilation refers to the process of moving _____ in and out of the lungs.

A

air

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4
Q

What role does the diaphragm play in the process of ventilation?

A

It contracts and relaxes to help with breathing

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5
Q

What is the term for the volume of air inspired or expired in one breath?

A

Tidal volume

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6
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate for adults at rest?

A

12-20 breaths per minute

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7
Q

What is the term for the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation?

A

Vital capacity

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8
Q

True or False: Hypoventilation can lead to an accumulation of carbon dioxide in the body.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the term for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood?

A

Pulmonary gas exchange

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The respiratory center in the brainstem regulates _____ to maintain proper ventilation.

A

breathing

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11
Q

What is the term for the condition where air gets trapped in the lungs, making it difficult to exhale?

A

Air trapping

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12
Q

True or False: Ventilation perfusion mismatch can lead to impaired gas exchange.

A

True

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13
Q

What is the term for the mechanical process of breathing?

A

Ventilation

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14
Q

What is the primary muscle responsible for inspiration during quiet breathing?

A

Diaphragm

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is responsible for receiving input from chemoreceptors to regulate breathing.

A

respiratory center

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16
Q

What is the term for the process of removing carbon dioxide from the body?

A

Ventilation

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17
Q

True or False: Oxygenation refers to the process of removing oxygen from the body.

A

False

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18
Q

What is the term for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and body tissues?

A

Systemic gas exchange

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a common site for measuring oxygen saturation in the body.

A

finger

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20
Q

What is the term for the condition where there is inadequate oxygen supply to tissues and organs?

A

Hypoxia

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21
Q

True or False: Adequate ventilation is essential for maintaining acid-base balance in the body.

A

True

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22
Q

What is the term for the process of exchanging gases in the alveoli of the lungs?

A

Alveolar gas exchange

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a device used to assist with ventilation in patients who are unable to breathe on their own.

A

ventilator

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24
Q

What is the term for the ratio of ventilation to perfusion in the lungs?

A

V/Q ratio

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25
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
To transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.
26
True or False: Hemodynamics refers to the study of blood flow in the circulatory system.
True
27
What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?
Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume
28
What is the normal range for cardiac output in adults at rest?
4-8 liters per minute
29
What is the Frank-Starling law of the heart?
The more the cardiac muscle is stretched, the stronger the contraction.
30
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment.
31
True or False: The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is higher than in venous blood.
True
32
What is the normal range for arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) in healthy individuals?
95-100%
33
What is the Bohr effect?
The phenomenon where increasing levels of carbon dioxide decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
34
What is the main determinant of oxygen delivery to tissues?
Arterial oxygen content
35
True or False: Oxygen delivery is the product of cardiac output and arterial oxygen content.
True
36
What is the normal range for mean arterial pressure (MAP) in adults?
70-100 mmHg
37
What is the primary factor affecting mean arterial pressure?
Systemic vascular resistance
38
What is the formula for calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
MAP = Diastolic Blood Pressure + 1/3 (Systolic Blood Pressure - Diastolic Blood Pressure)
39
What is the primary function of the pulmonary system in gas exchange?
To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli.
40
True or False: The majority of oxygen in the blood is carried by hemoglobin.
True
41
What is the normal range for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) in adults?
6-12 mmHg
42
What is the main determinant of pulmonary vascular resistance?
Alveolar hypoxia
43
What is the formula for calculating pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)?
PVR = (Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure - PCWP) / Cardiac Output
44
What is the primary factor affecting pulmonary capillary wedge pressure?
Left atrial pressure
45
True or False: A decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance leads to increased blood flow in the lungs.
True
46
What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in the cardiopulmonary system?
To remove excess interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream.
47
What is the normal range for central venous pressure (CVP) in adults?
2-6 mmHg
48
What is the main determinant of central venous pressure?
Right atrial pressure
49
What is the formula for calculating systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?
SVR = (Mean Arterial Pressure - Central Venous Pressure) / Cardiac Output
50
What does ABG stand for in the context of ventilation?
Arterial Blood Gas
51
What does FiO2 stand for in the context of ventilation?
Fraction of Inspired Oxygen
52
What does PEEP stand for in the context of ventilation?
Positive End-Expiratory Pressure
53
What does Vt stand for in the context of ventilation?
Tidal Volume
54
What does RR stand for in the context of ventilation?
Respiratory Rate
55
True or False: PEEP helps keep the alveoli open and prevent collapse.
True
56
What is the normal range for PaO2 in arterial blood gas?
80-100 mmHg
57
What is the normal range for PaCO2 in arterial blood gas?
35-45 mmHg
58
Fill in the blank: The primary goal of ventilation is to maintain adequate _______ exchange.
gas
59
What does V/Q ratio refer to in ventilation?
Ventilation/Perfusion ratio
60
What is the primary muscle responsible for inspiration?
Diaphragm
61
What is the normal range for pH in arterial blood gas?
7.35-7.45
62
What does HCO3- stand for in the context of ventilation?
Bicarbonate
63
What is the normal range for SaO2 in arterial blood gas?
95-100%
64
What does CPAP stand for in the context of ventilation?
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
65
What does PCO2 stand for in the context of ventilation?
Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide
66
What is the primary muscle responsible for expiration?
Internal Intercostals
67
What does VD/VT ratio refer to in ventilation?
Dead Space to Tidal Volume ratio
68
Fill in the blank: The purpose of ventilation is to maintain normal _______ levels in the body.
oxygen and carbon dioxide
69
What does A-a gradient measure in ventilation?
Alveolar-arterial gradient
70
True or False: Hypoventilation leads to increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.
True
71
What is the normal range for BE in arterial blood gas?
-2 to +2 mEq/L
72
What does VD stand for in the context of ventilation?
Dead Space Volume
73
What is perfusion: alveolar ventilation?
Respiratory quotient
74
Explain the relationship between effective ventilation and paco2
Without effective ventilation, paco2 increases
75
Explain the relationship between paco2 and PH
Increase in paco2, then hypercapic = acidosis
76
State the amount of CO2/min that an adult produces during a normal tidal volume ( vt) breath
200
77
State the amount of O2/min that an adult consumed during a normal tidal volume breath
250
78
What is the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed is referred to as the "respiratory quotient (rq)
CO2 produced: O2 consumed = 200/ 250 = 0.8
79
True or False? Alveolar ventilation must match CO2 production to maintain acid-base balance.
True
80
True or False? Alveolar ventilation must match CO2 production to maintain acid-base balance.
True
81
Ve or VA inc. What happens to CO2?
Decreases

Cardiopulmonary (4 decks)

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