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Higher Modern Studies 24-25 > Effectiveness of international organisations in tackling the issue > Flashcards

Effectiveness of international organisations in tackling the issue Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a multilateral organisation?

A

An organisation set up by multiple countries for a shared goal

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2
Q

Give two examples of multilateral organisations.

A

The United Nations and the European Union

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3
Q

Who influences multilateral organisations?

A

The founding and supporting countries

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4
Q

What does NGO stand for?

A

Non-Governmental Organisation

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5
Q

What is a UK equivalent term for NGO?

A

Charity

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6
Q

What is the main purpose of NGOs?

A

To achieve a specific goal without government control

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7
Q

What kind of groups are many NGOs similar to?

A

Pressure groups

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8
Q

Why can multilateral organisations be effective?

A

They develop expertise to tackle underdevelopment

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9
Q

What is the FAO?

A

The Food and Agriculture Organisation

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10
Q

When was the FAO founded?

A

1945

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11
Q

What is the FAO’s main goal?

A

To eliminate hunger and improve agricultural management

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12
Q

How does the FAO help development?

A

By improving food security and supporting productive citizens

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13
Q

What kind of support did the FAO give to Malawi farmers?

A

Improved seeds and training on modern techniques

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14
Q

How many farmers in Malawi benefited from the FAO programme?

A

Around 30,000

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15
Q

What was the result of the FAO’s intervention in Malawi?

A

Higher crop yields and surplus for selling

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16
Q

What issues does the FAO address at the same time?

A

Hunger and poverty

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17
Q

What are two major effects of underdevelopment?

A

Starvation and malnutrition

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18
Q

What does the FAO depend on to operate?

A

Donations from UN member countries

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19
Q

How many people face acute food insecurity since 2019?

A

Around 276 million

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20
Q

How many people are close to famine globally?

A

Over 40 million in 38 countries

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21
Q

Which country is an example of acute food insecurity?

A

South Sudan

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22
Q

What challenges worsen food insecurity in South Sudan?

A

Conflict, climate change, displacement, and economic issues

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23
Q

What is a major criticism of multilateral organisations?

A

Lack of transparency and accountability

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24
Q

What causes inefficiency in multilateral organisations?

A

Bureaucracy and slow decision-making

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25
Why was the FAO at risk of losing UK funding?
Due to poor management and lack of value for money
26
What agency reviewed the FAO’s performance?
DFID (Department for International Development)
27
What impact can poor management have on aid efforts?
It reduces effectiveness and donor support
28
What does the rise in hunger in Africa suggest?
FAO efforts are not far-reaching or effective enough
29
What percentage of Africa's population was hungry in 2020?
21%
30
What is a key benefit of multilateral organisations?
They have global reach and expertise
31
What issue does the WHO mainly tackle?
Disease and global health problems
32
Why is poor health a cause of underdevelopment?
It limits the working population and income generation
33
How has the WHO helped developing countries?
By working to improve global health
34
Which organisations worked together to fight polio in the DRC?
WHO and UNICEF
35
How many people were vaccinated against polio in the DRC?
About 3 million
36
What is a short-term benefit of vaccination programmes?
Preventing illness from preventable diseases
37
What is a criticism of health programmes like polio vaccination?
They don’t fix root causes like poverty and conflict
38
What diseases has the WHO aimed to eradicate?
Malaria, HIV, and other infections
39
How many people still live with HIV globally?
40 million
40
How many yearly cases of malaria still occur?
Over 200 million
41
Which region is most affected by HIV and malaria?
The African Region
42
How many people in Africa lived with HIV in 2018?
25.7 million
43
What percentage of malaria cases are in Africa (as of 2022)?
94%
44
What does this suggest about WHO's efforts?
Progress has been made, but more is needed
45
Who funds the WHO?
Governments, businesses, and foundations
46
What major country cut WHO funding in 2020?
The USA
47
How much did the USA give to WHO in 2019?
£893 million
48
What percentage of global voluntary contributions came from the USA?
14.67%
49
Who is the second biggest donor to global health aid?
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
50
Why is US funding important to the WHO?
It's the largest donor and influences other countries
51
What could happen if other countries follow the USA in cutting funding?
WHO could become less effective
52
How many people in Africa lack access to healthcare (2021)?
Around 615 million (48%)
53
What percentage of Africans had access to healthcare in 2021?
52%
54
What does UNHCR stand for?
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
55
What is the UNHCR’s main role?
To protect and support refugees and displaced people
56
What causes underdevelopment to lead to displacement?
Conflict, famine, and extreme poverty
57
How long has the UNHCR been operating?
Over 70 years
58
What essentials does the UNHCR provide?
Shelter, food, medicine, and education
59
How many countries does the UNHCR operate in?
132 countries and territories
60
How many children has the UNHCR helped enrol in primary education?
Almost 2 million
61
How many people has the UNHCR helped access electricity?
Around 2 million
62
How many refugees gained access to healthcare via UNHCR?
Almost 10 million
63
How many people received emergency funds through UNHCR?
Just over 8 million
64
Where has the UNHCR provided long-term support in Africa?
Ethiopia
65
What type of role does the UNHCR play in Ethiopia?
Mitigating underdevelopment and supporting displaced populations
66
Is the UNHCR a proactive or reactive organisation?
Mostly reactive
67
When does the UNHCR typically step in?
When other development efforts have failed
68
What is a key criticism of the UNHCR’s approach?
It doesn’t address the root causes of displacement
69
What region shows ongoing refugee issues despite UNHCR efforts?
The Horn of Africa
70
What is an example of a country where conflict continues despite UNHCR support?
Somalia
71
What does the growing refugee crisis highlight?
The need for proactive solutions to underdevelopment
72
What kind of aid does the UNHCR mainly provide?
Short-term humanitarian support
73
What is an NGO?
A Non-Governmental Organisation free from government control
74
Where do NGOs get their funding?
Voluntary and private sources
75
What type of aid do NGOs provide?
Both short-term and long-term aid
76
When are NGOs most visible?
During times of crisis, providing emergency relief
77
Do NGOs work alone?
No, they often partner with governments or international organisations
78
What does Save the Children focus on?
Targeted aid for children
79
What does Oxfam focus on?
Broader aid including poverty, food, and health
80
What is Mary’s Meals?
A Scottish charity providing school meals in poor communities
81
What is a key aim of Mary’s Meals?
Provide daily meals in schools to reduce hunger and improve education
82
When was Mary’s Meals founded?
2002
83
Where did Mary’s Meals start its work?
Feeding 200 children in Malawi
84
How many children does Mary’s Meals feed now?
Over 1 million in 12 countries
85
What is Mary’s Meals’ method?
Use school meals to encourage education
86
How does Mary’s Meals teach agriculture?
Through school gardens that supplement meals
87
What hygiene topic does Mary’s Meals teach?
Importance of handwashing
88
How is Mary’s Meals funded?
Fundraising, donations, and charity shops in Scotland
89
Where did Mary’s Meals expand in 2006?
Liberia, after the civil war
90
How many children benefit in Liberia now?
128,000
91
What effect did the programme have on hunger complaints?
Teacher reports rose from 7% to 87% saying children don't complain of hunger
92
What happened to school absences due to hunger?
Dropped from 29% to 0%
93
What did teachers report about dropout rates?
Fewer children dropped out due to hunger
94
How many children said learning was easier?
99%
95
How many children felt happier at school?
Increased from 60% to 81%
96
What makes NGOs effective in crises?
They respond quickly and use their specialised expertise
97
Why are NGOs helpful in conflict zones?
They work where governments may not, like Save the Children in South Sudan
98
What’s a benefit of NGOs being independent?
Less political influence, motivated by humanitarian concern
99
Where has Oxfam operated despite poor political relations?
Zimbabwe, during a drought
100
What limits NGOs’ effectiveness?
Dependence on fundraising
101
How much did Save the Children spend on fundraising in 2017?
£35 million (9% of expenditure)
102
What’s a risk of government-funded NGOs?
Potential political influence over their work
103
How much funding did Oxfam get from the UK government in 2016?
£176 million (45% of its total funding)
104
How can government funding affect NGOs’ reputation?
May reduce public trust and limit access in certain regions
105
What does the African Development Bank focus on?
Infrastructure, economic growth, and poverty reduction
106
What does the Gates Foundation support?
Health, agriculture, and disease prevention in Africa
107
What does ActionAid work on?
Human rights, education, and women’s empowerment

Higher Modern Studies 24-25 (12 decks)

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