effects of drugs on food and nutrition

Question 1

chelation of a mineral with medication not only _ absorption and action of the drug but also _ absorption and availability of the nutrient

Answer 1

decreases

Question 2

• Medication can _ or _ nutrient absorption

Answer 2

decrease or prevent

– e.g., for tetracycline or ciprofloxacin, generally recommend taking mineral (divalent/trivalent cations) supplements 2-6 hours apart from the drug

Question 3

Drugs can _ or _ transit time

This impacts time available for _ of nutrients

Answer 3

Drugs can both ↑ or ↓ transit time
– This impacts time available for absorption of nutrients
* e.g., laxatives, drugs ↑ peristalsis, and drugs containing the sugar alcohol sorbitol (syrups, solutions) ↓ transit time and can cause diarrhea, leading to Ca & K losses

Question 4

H2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) inhibit _ and raise _
* Can impair absorption of Vit B12 (by ↓ cleavage from dietary sources)

Answer 4

inhibit gastric acid and raise gastric pH

Question 5

PPIs can reduce absorption of _ and ↑ risk of small _ _ _

Answer 5

• PPIs can reduce absorption of Ca and ↑ risk of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

Question 6

drugs with the greatest effect on nutrient absorption damage

Answer 6

intestinal mucosa

– Damage to villi and microvilli (structurally) inhibits the brush-border enzymes and intestinal transport systems involved in absorption of nutrients
* e.g., chemotherapeutic agents, NSAIDs, and long-term antibacterial therapy

Question 7

Drugs can ↑ metabolism of a nutrient, potentiating excretion
– This results in

Answer 7

higher nutrient requirements

Question 8

Drugs can cause vitamin _ by blocking conversion of a vitamin to its active form

Answer 8

antagonism