Effects of Maltreatment : Psychopathology Flashcards
What is Psychopathology?
- Psychological disorders characterized by:
1. Deviance
2. Dysfunction
3. Distress - Often discussed in categorical terms,
important to consider as dimensional
How can Psychopathology be used as a predictor?
- Psychopathology as a predictor in maltreatment etiology
- Parent with psychopathology (e.g., Depression)
- Child with psychopathology (e.g., ADHD)
What are some possible mediators or mechanisms?
[Im not sure if the answer is correct, its on slide 7]
- Child Maltreatment
- Emotion dysregulation
- adolescent depression
- brain changes
How does Maltreatment affect psychopathology?
Maltreated individuals are more like to have a number of types of psychopathology:
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Internalizing: Depression and anxiety
- Externalizing: Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Substance Abuse
What is Criterion A in diagnosing PTSD?
Criterion A: Exposure to a trauma/stressor
- The person was exposed to: death, threatened death, actual or threatened serious injury, or actual or threatened sexual violence, in the following way(s):
- Direct exposure
- Witnessing the trauma
- Learning that a relative/ friend was exposed to a trauma
- Indirect exposure to aversive details of the trauma, usually in the course of professional duties (e.g., first responders, medics)
What is Criterion B in diagnosing PTSD?
Criterion B: Intrusion symptoms
- Unwanted upsetting memories
- Nightmares
- Flashbacks
- Emotional distress after exposure to traumatic reminders
- Physical reactivity after exposure to traumatic reminders
What is Criterion C in diagnosing PTSD?
Criterion C: Avoidance
- Avoidance of trauma-related stimuli after the trauma, in the following way(s):
- Trauma-related thoughts or feelings
- Trauma-related external reminders
What is Criterion D in diagnosing PTSD?
Criterion D: Negative
- alterations in cognitions and mood
- Negative thoughts or feelings that began or worsened after the trauma, in the following way(s):
- Inability to recall key features of the trauma
- Overly negative thoughts and assumptions about oneself or the world
- Exaggerated blame of self or others for causing the trauma
Negative affect
What is Criterion E in diagnosing PTSD?
Criterion E: Alterations in arousal and reactivity
- Irritability or aggression
- Risky or destructive behavior
- Hyper vigilance
- Heightened startle reaction
- Difficulty concentrating
- Difficulty sleeping
How does PTSD cause significant impairment to functioning?
- Causes significant distress
- Causes impairment to social and occupational functioning
- Missing school or work
- Can’t concentrate
- Poor performance
- Dysfunction in interpersonal relationships
What increases risk of PTSD following trauma?
- Characteristics of the trauma
- Interpersonal (always the case with maltreatment
- Unpredictable, uncontrollable
- Greater perceived life threat
- Lack of social support
- High degree of other life stress
What are some important considerations regarding PTSD?
- Trauma does not always lead to PTSD
- Not everything bad is considered a trauma
- PTSD is not permanent, and is treatable
How is Depression Diagnosed?
- Depressed mood or a loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities for more than two weeks.
What are the 9 specific symptoms of Depression that need to be present nearly everyday in order to be diagnosed?
- Depressed most of the day, nearly every day
- Decreased interest or pleasure in most activities
- Significant weight change (5%) or change in appetite
- Change in sleep: Insomnia or hypersomnia
- Change in activity: Psychomotor agitation or retardation
- Fatigue or loss of energy
- Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt
- Concentration: diminished ability to think or concentrate
- Suicidality: Thoughts of death or suicide, or has suicide plan
At least how many symptoms need to be present nearly everyday?
5 out of the 9
