EGS

Question 1

What architectural structures are the Olmecs known for?

Answer 1

San Lorenzo and La Venta

Question 2

Describe Olmec society

Answer 2

Classes, including as class of skilled Artisans. Play Ball court

Question 3

Teotihuacan

Answer 3

Capital and dominated entire region

Question 4

Pyramid of the Sun

Answer 4

Along the main thoroughfare were temples and palaces, all dominated by the massive pyramid

Question 5

Describe the geography of Mesoamerican and Central America

Answer 5

Central America, connects North and South America also located between Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea. Mesoamerica, extends from southern Mexico to Central America, (Belize, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama, Guatemala.

Question 6

What does the work Maya translate to?

Answer 6

Those who grow Maize

Question 7

Which crops are native to the Valley of Mexico?

Answer 7

Maize

Question 8

Describe the political/social structure of Maya.

Answer 8

Around Euler gathered class of aristocrats l. Nobles became priests, wealth grew, so did artisans and traders, small middle class.

Question 9

Maya-What were women and men each responsible for?

Answer 9

Men - Fighting and Hunting
Women- Homemaking and preparation of corn meal

Question 10

Itzamna

Answer 10

Supreme God (Lizard House)

Question 11

Describe the religion of the Maya.

Answer 11

Polytheistic, Mayan gods shared characteristics of nearby cultures

Question 12

Ball Court

Answer 12

Vertical walls with metal rings and rubber ball. Rules of the game are not completely understood but thought to have a religious importance.

Question 13

What happened to the vanished players of the ball court game?

Answer 13

Sacrificed

Question 14

Mayan writing system:

Answer 14

Based off of hieroglyphs

Question 15

Mayan Calendar:

Answer 15

Measured time back date, required a sophisticated understand of events and math.

Question 16

Describe the achievements of the Maya.

Answer 16

-Intense interest in the passage of time
-Mayan pyramids
-Long Count

Question 17

Why did the Maya decline and eventually bring about its demise?

Answer 17

Overuse of land, incessant warfare, internal revolt, or a natural disaster

Question 18

Huitzilopochtli:

Answer 18

Patron God, as a guiding deity for the population.

Question 19

When/how did the Aztecs arrive in the Valley of Mexico?

Answer 19

Carrying an image of their patron deity, Huitzilopochtli, began the lengthy migration that climaxed at the arrival to it.

Question 20

How did the Aztecs gain control of the area?

Answer 20

From Atlantic to pacific and as far Guatemalan border.

Question 21

Describe the politics of the Aztecs. How did the ruler claim legitimacy?

Answer 21

Served as intermediary btwn metaphysical and physical worlds

Question 22

Which govt official position was the most important and why?

Answer 22

Tax collectors, collected tribute

Question 23

Describe the social structure of the Aztecs.

Answer 23

• Most indentured workers: landless laborers
• Slaved: Served in house holds of wealthy
• Slavery not inherited

Question 24

Calpullis:

Answer 24

Vast majority of population consisted commoners members of the IRG kinship groups called Calpullis.

Question 25

Gender Roles in Aztecs:

Answer 25

- Men: Children trained for war and expected to serve in the army once reaching adulthood - Women: Expected to work in the home, weave textiles

Question 26

Quetzalcoatl:

Answer 26

Feathered Serpent

Question 27

Describe Aztec cosmology:

Answer 27

Based on belief in the existence of two worlds, natural and the divine.

Question 28

Huitzilopochtli

Answer 28

Sun God would appease to delay the end

Question 29

Describe Aztec art and culture:

Answer 29

had religious significance colored in bright colors

Question 30

Where were the Inka located?

Answer 30

S Peru

Question 31

Pachakuti:

Answer 31

Cuzco was transformed from a city of mud and thatch into a metropolis of stone

Question 32

Cuzco:

Answer 32

Capital of a small community

Question 33

Machu Picchu:

Answer 33

Impressive ruins, built on a lofty hilltop far above the Urubamba River

Question 34

Describe the Inka politic and social structures:

Answer 34

Women: Only escape of life of domestic Servitude: Fortunate maidens were selected to serve as “chosen virgins” Noblewomen: Eligible to compete for service

Question 35

Describe the road system developed by the Inka.

Answer 35

Roads restricted to military and official purposes

Question 36

How was marriage occur in the Inkas? How could women escape domestic servitude?

Answer 36

By becoming a noblewomen, punishment for breaking the vow of Chasity was harsh

Question 37

How was the Inka state built upon? Who served in the military?

Answer 37

Inka state was built upon war. Soldiers that were men army was Irgst and best army in the region

Question 38

Describe the Inkan religion.

Answer 38

Polytheistic

Question 39

Pachamama:

Answer 39

“Mother of the earth” common to all regions in the Andes

Question 40

How did the Inka keep records?

Answer 40

Using a system of knotted strings “quipu”

Question 41

Describe the architectural/cultural achievements of the Inka.

Answer 41

Ability to construct building with irg stones without mortar stows skill in architecture highly dev. Poetry composed of blank verse.