Egypt And Mesopotamia

Question 1

Why are the burial tombs significant in Egypt

Answer 1

These tombs provide us with invaluable information about the lives of the ancient Egyptians.

Question 2

Why was the Nile River important to the Egyptians?

Answer 2

It brought life to Egypt by providing good soil, water, transportation, and a way of protection.

Question 3

Black Land

Answer 3

fertile land on the banks of the Nile River

Question 4

Red land

Answer 4

the name the Egyptians gave the desert land beyond the river valley because it was dry and lifeless - provided metals + stones

Question 5

Natural barriers of Egypt

Answer 5

1. North - Nile Delta, Mediterranean Sea
2. South - Cataracts of the Nile
3. East - Red Sea, Desert
4. West - Desert
   These natural barriers made Egypt hard to invade.

Question 6

When did people settle by the Nile?

Answer 6

5000 BCE (before old kingdom)

Question 7

Who united Upper and Lower Egypt in 3200 BCE?

Answer 7

King Menes

Question 8

Who was king Menes

Answer 8

Became 1st pharaoh and started the 1st dynasty

Question 9

Capital city of Egypt

Answer 9

Memphis

Question 10

when was is the “Old Kingdom”?

Answer 10

2700-2200 BCE “pyramid age”

Question 11

What is significant about the old kingdom

Answer 11

• pharaohs had complete power, created sphinx, United halves, 1st pyramid build, Giza built

Question 12

What was significant about the Middle Kingdom (2000-1650)

Answer 12

• pharaohs we’re buried in hidden tombs, built strong armies and fortresses to defend Egypt, achievements in art, literature, and engineering

Question 13

What are inventions of the Egyptians

Answer 13

writing (hieroglyphics), ink, make up, advancement in medicine, toothpaste, door lock, plow, calendar, and sundial

Question 14

What is significant about the New Kingdom (1550-1100 BCE)

Answer 14

• pharaohs ruled as all powerful, expanded territory into the Middle East, time of king tut, 1st female pharaohs
• grew into a huge empire during this time / population grew

Question 15

Who was the 1st female pharaoh

Answer 15

Hatshepsut

Question 16

What was the pyramid social class in Egypt

Answer 16

Pharaohs, nobles and priests, soldiers, artisans/merchants/scribes, farmers, slaves

Question 17

Pharaohs

Answer 17

Kings, generals, and religious leaders - believed to be gods and their words were law - they were built pyramids

Question 18

Novels and priests

Answer 18

Wealthy, enjoyed high quality life, in charge of temples rituals mummification and burial practices, usually related to the Pharaoh and inherited the position

Question 19

Soldiers

Answer 19

Lived in barracks at camps and forts, farmed and helped with the pharaohs projects during peace, wore sandals and linen skirts, could inherit riches

Question 20

Artisans/merchants/scribes

Answer 20

Artisans were skilled but not very respected, worked in shared workshops
Scribes went to school for many years, recorded info for gov. and religious leaders
Merchants traveled to trade products and bring back goods profit

Question 21

Farmers

Answer 21

Worked during harvesting and planting season, raised animals, paid in clothes food and shelter

Question 22

Slaves

Answer 22

Worked on farming projects during peak season, largest class and was mostly made of foreigners, during other times they built pyramids

Question 23

Egypts contributions to society

Answer 23

Architecture, engineering, art, math, medicine

Question 24

Decline of Egypts power

Answer 24

U.E and L.E split, grew weak and was invaded by civilizations, cleopatra was the last pharaoh 27 BCE, ancient Egypt became part of the … empire

Question 25

Describe two factors that led to growth in the early river civilizations

Answer 25

The collecting of wheat and grains - building ditches and walls led to better laborers and construction

Question 26

Two most important parts of agriculture

Answer 26

Planting crops and domesticating animals

Question 27

Characteristics of the Jericho

Answer 27

- planted barely and wheat - mud brick homes - continued to hunt wild animals - used irrigation from the Dead Sea/Jordan river - dug a ditch and built a wall around their settlement - created pictographs and

Question 28

Characteristics of the Catahoyuk

Answer 28

- had no wall or moats - lived in dwellings that touched each other with no doors at ground level - used art on walls - dead were buried under the houses

Question 29

Where is Mesopotamia

Answer 29

In the fertile valleys between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (Fertile Crescent)

Question 30

What is the Fertile Crescent

Answer 30

Boomerang shaped region of the Middle East that was home to some of the earliest civilizations

Question 31

Agriculture of Mesopotamia

Answer 31

They used the domestication of animals and irrigation techniques that took advantage of the proximity of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

Question 32

Who were the Sumerians

Answer 32

- First major civilization of Mesopotamia - created first form of writing called cuneiform

Question 33

Epic of Gilgamesh

Answer 33

Earliest great work of literature were Gilgamesh goes on an adventure with a friend and then after he dies, goes on a quest to discover the secret of eternal life.

Question 34

Characteristics of a civilization

Answer 34

Specialized workers, technology, advanced cities, record keeping, agriculture

Question 35

What is the difference between the Nile river and E.T.

Answer 35

The Nile brought trading and a successful economy while the ET had more problems with unpredictable flooding

Question 36

Econemy of Mesopotamia

Answer 36

People relied on bartering which is trading without a form of money

Question 37

What was the government on Egypt

Answer 37

Theocracy - implement god in the pharaoh

Question 38

Natural barriers of Mesopotamia

Answer 38

Lack of natural barriers allowed frequent migrations of people and invasions

Question 39

Natural barriers of Egypt

Answer 39

- Mediterranean Sea - Red Sea - Sahara desert - eastern desert - cataracts of Nile ( shallow areas were rocks and boulders are jutting out)

Question 40

What is Hammurabi’s code

Answer 40

one of the earliest and more complete written legal codes from ancient times