Egypt WW1 to Suez

Question 1

What did Britain do to the Khedive a month before the war on 5th November 1914?

Answer 1

Replaced Abbas with his uncle Husayn Kamil

Question 2

Who replaced Kitchener around the start of the war?

Answer 2

Sir Henry McMahon, and then Sir Reginald Wingate shortly after

Question 3

What did Egypt do about providing troops for the war?

Answer 3

It wasn’t required to provide troops but the people (particularly peasantry) were heavily affected by the war. Martial law was declared throughout the country

Question 4

When did Husayn Kamil die and who was he replaced by?

Answer 4

October 1917, replaced by his brother Ahmad Fuad

Question 5

What happened on November 13th 1918?

Answer 5

Wingate was visited by three Egyptian politicians who told him that they were going to England to demand independence from the British Empire

Question 6

How did the Empire respond to the Politicians demanding independence?

Answer 6

Refused the delegation and arrested the leaders, causing widespread nationalist protests

Question 7

What happened in the widespread nationalist protests 1918?

Answer 7

Egyptians went on strike, civil disobedience, rioting and demonstrations. 800 Egyptians were killed and more than 2k wounded

Question 8

What legislation gave Egypt independence? when?

Answer 8

Milner Report on February 28th, 1922, though they wouldn’t withdraw forces from Suez Canal or recognise Egyptian Sovereignty over Sudan

Question 9

After Independence what did the Egyptian Kingdom turn into?

Answer 9

A constitutional Monarchy, King given executive powers in government and a new parliament established.

Question 10

How was voting decided in the first general election in 1924?

Answer 10

All men allowed to vote

Question 11

When did King Fuad die and who was he replaced by?

Answer 11

1936, he was replaced by his 16 year old son Farouk

Question 12

What treaty did Farouk sign and what did it establish?

Answer 12

Anglo-Egyptians Treaty, mutual defence and alliance between the two countries

Question 13

What did Egypt do in ww2?

Answer 13

Following the treaty they provided facilities for the British war effort, few citizens supported Britain and thought they would win

Question 14

What happened in Early 1942?

Answer 14

German forces threaten to invade Egypt and took up a base near a major railway junction in El Alamein, their forces led by Marshall Erwin Rommel, the desert fox, were matched by Allies.

Question 15

What did Britain fear by 1947?

Answer 15

Communist Russias ambitions in the MIddle East

Question 16

Thought Britain withdrawed from Palestine where did they have 10,000 troops due to the Treaty?

Answer 16

In the Suez Canal Zone, as well as control over Aden, Cyprus and air-force bases in Iraq.

Question 17

What happened in the years after 1947?

Answer 17

There was constant skirmishing around the Canal Zone and in 1951, King Farouk renounced the Treaty proclaiming himself King of Sudan.

Question 18

What eventually happened to Farouk?

Answer 18

In January 1952 he was overthrown in a military coup by a group of army officers led by General Nasser

Question 19

What happened in 1953?

Answer 19

Anthony Eden, Foreign Secretary in Churchill’s Conservative government, sought to negotiate with Egypts new rulers

Question 20

What did the British agree to do in 1954?

Answer 20

Agreed to a phased withdrawal of troops from the Suez Canal Zone over the next 20 months, subject to certain rights of occupation in times of war.

Question 21

What does the Suez Canal withdrawal reflect?

Answer 21

Britains financial difficulties and their desire to improve Anglo-Arab relations

Question 22

What did Egyptians promise the British for their withdrawal?

Answer 22

-Free access through the Suez Canal
-The maintenance of the former British bases in an operational condition
-To respect the independence of the Suez Canal Company

Question 23

What was the Baghdad Pact?

Answer 23

Signed in 1955 to repel any Soviet Threat to the Middle East

Question 24

Why did Nasser not sign the Baghdad Pact?

Answer 24

Feared the pact threatened Egyptian dominance, Nasser turned to communist Czechoslovakia for arms and signed an alliance with Syria

Question 25

Who replaced Churchill as PM and when?

Answer 25

Anthony Eden succeeded Churchill as PM in April 1955

Question 26

What happened June 1956

Answer 26

Nasser made himself president of Egypt