Egyptian

Question 1

Diglossia

Answer 1

using 2 diff scripts for diff contexts
egypt always had at least 2 writing systems at a time
hieroglyphic and hieratic at tomb UJ

Question 2

Digraphia

Answer 2

diff forms of writing
incise hieroglyphs - picto, formal, temple, spells
brush hieratic - cursivem adminsitrtive, calligraphy
Demotic - adminsirative, very cursive
Coptic - adopted prestige greek

Question 3

Decipherment

Answer 3

Rosetta - 196 BCE, 1799
Thomas Young - copied hierglyphs, names in greek
Champollion - cartouches more names, ols persion more phonetic signs

Question 4

Other writing systems

Answer 4

Armana Canaanite - akkadographic, egypt modified cunieform
Meroitic - derived from hieroglyphs, alphasyllabary, took medium
Alphabet - adapted egypt hieroglyps, took sound value

Question 5

Egypt fast facts

Answer 5

3250 BCE, logosyllabic, block/linear, stone/papyrus, chisel/brush/carve, egyptian lang, earliest 3320

Question 6

Precursors

Answer 6

4th millenium numerical tablets/pot marks “nekada vase” - carving lines for meaning
abydos tags - carved tags
Tomb UJ - 3320 BCE, incised bone tags, painted vessels, name sgigns
Narmer Pallete - 3150, rebus king name

Question 7

How Egytpian works

Answer 7

afroasiatic language use consonantal roots (vowel change)
determinative disambiguate, follow words
logograms picto, logo marker for logo reading vs syllabic
syllabograms - uni/bi/triliteral consonantal
Phon Comps - specify syllabic reading, before or after

Question 8

Organisation of writing

Answer 8

blocks, but no main/affix distinction
graphic transpositiokn - put signs in artistic order to looks best
Honorific transpostion - put god names first
Direction - vertical reads TD, LR/RL depending on where signs face (look to start of sentence)/doorways

Question 9

Ontology of writing

Answer 9

image, writing isnt representation, living entity
spells - actiavatable writing, reification
death - writing brings back body after death to spirit

Question 10

Hieratic and Demotic

Answer 10

hieratic - cursive hierlgphys, reads RL, red ink for dangerous/rubric, 3200-200ce
Demotic - writing of documents, popular, RL, amdinistrative, simplified, polyvalent signs, 500 BC
evolved to coptic/greek

Question 11

Tools

Answer 11

pen cut from rush reed, palette had red/black ink
papyrus laid perpendicualrily, use ostracon too to practice