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HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE > EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE > Flashcards

EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE Flashcards

1
Q

3 Gods in THEBAN TRIAD

A

Amun, Mut, and Khons

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2
Q

the King of the Gods

A

Amun

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3
Q

are believed to be an incarnation of a god

A

Kings

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4
Q

The specific trinity of major gods who rule a certain area

A

triad

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5
Q

The religious practices of Egyptians are ___ in theory and ___ in practice.

A

Monotheistic; Polytheistic

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6
Q

was the principal building material for
domestic buildings.

A

Mud brick

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7
Q

consort to Amun & queen of the gods

A

Mut

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8
Q

5 contributions of Nile River

A
  • Irrigation turned desert lands into fruitful fields.
  • Its gentle current was favorable for navigation.
  • Trade and commerce prospered along its banks.
  • Early Egyptian civilization had its birth along the Nile.
  • Important religious structures like tomb pyramids and temples for the gods were built in strategic places along the banks of the Nile
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9
Q

4 Effects of Egypt’s Climate on Buildings

A
  • Simple design
  • Few windows due to sandstorms
  • Flat roof, no drainage, no gutters due to absence rain
  • Massive walls due to heat
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10
Q

The life of Egypt

A

Nile River

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11
Q

the son of Amun and Mut; the god of the moon and time

A

Khons / Khonsu

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12
Q

3 Gods in the ABYDOS TRIAD

A

Osiris, Isis, and Horus

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13
Q

The god of the underworld. The first pharaoh.

A

Osiris

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14
Q

The Goddess of Magic. The sister of Osiris and the mother of Horus.

A

Isis

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15
Q

The child of Osiris and Isis with a falcon head.

A

Horus

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16
Q

3 Gods in the MEMPHHIS TRIAD

A

Ptah, Sekhmet, and Nefertem

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17
Q

The chief deity of Memphis & patron deity of craftsmen.

A

Ptah

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18
Q

The god of all the gods who created himself and everyone.

A

Ptah

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19
Q

The consort of Ptah & the giver of divine retribution,
vengeance, and conquest.

A

Sekhmet

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20
Q

The Protector of the two lands.

A

Nefertem

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21
Q

3 Gods in the MENKAURE TRIAD

A

King Menkaure, Hathor, and the 17th deified Nome of Upper Egypt

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22
Q

The last Great Pyramid builder

A

King Menkaure

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23
Q

the goddess of music and love, is shown to the right of
Menkaure, holding his hand.

A

Hathor

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24
Q

The three main people who took part in the mummification process.

A

the scribe, the cutter, and the embalmer

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25
Q

In the mummification process, how many days does it take to prepare the body for ritual?

A

70 days

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26
Q

Mummies are contained in coffins called the _____.

A

sarcophagus

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27
Q

His mummy was contained in 3 coffins,
each one within the next.

A

Tutankhamun

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28
Q

The Kings of ancient Egypt are known as

A

Pharaohs

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29
Q

‘Pharaoh’ is a Greek word that is based on an Egyptian word that meant

A

great house

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30
Q

The pharaoh was the political and religious leader holding the
titles?

A

‘Lord of the Two Lands’ and ‘High Priest of Every Temple’

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31
Q

The pharaohs have been divided into how many dynasties?

A

30 dynasties

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32
Q

The Great Pharaoh who ruled herself as the first woman pharaoh and ruled for around 20 years. She organized military campaigns and sent out trade expeditions to bring exotic goods to Egypt.

A

Hatshepsut

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33
Q

The Great Pharaoh who was called the Napoleon of ancient Egypt because of his military genius and built many structures. He ruled for 54 years and created the largest empire ever in Egypt.

A

Thutmose III

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34
Q

This Great Pharaoh was one of the longest ruling pharaohs of ancient Egypt for 67 years. He lived for over 80 years with over a dozen wives and more than 100 children.

A

Rameses II

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35
Q

The rule of this Great Pharaoh is remembered as one of artistic glory
and prosperity having a large impact on the economy of Egypt.

A

Amenhotep III

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36
Q

The Great Pharaoh who was the 12th king of the 18th dynasty. He was a boy king at age 9 and most famous Pharaoh of all time. He was not renowned as a ruler but famous for his riches inside his intact tomb.

A

Tutankhamun

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37
Q

The Great Pharaoh who ruled for less than 20 years and introduced the concept of a single god, Aten which was later reversed by his son, Tutankhamun.

A

Amenhotep IV or Akhenaten

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38
Q

The Great Pharaoh who was known for the famous limestone Step Pyramid at Saqqara which is an example of great technological innovation.

A

Djozer

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39
Q

The architect of Step Pyramid

A

Imhotep

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40
Q

The Great Pharaoh who built the oldest and largest pyramid in Giza remarkable for its construction techniques.

A

Khufu

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41
Q

The Great Pharaoh who was the Queen of Nile and was the last pharaoh of ancient Egypt though she was not of Egyptian lineage

A

Cleopatra

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42
Q

Cleopatra was the daughter of ____

A

Ptolemy XII

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43
Q

2 love interests of Cleopatra

A

Julius Caesar and Marc Antony

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44
Q

a soft headcloth usually made of linen and is a striped head cloth worn almost exclusively by the king in representations like a sphinx or falcon.

A

nemes crown

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45
Q

The headress that represents the power and kingship of the 2 lands, Upper and Lower Egypt

A

double crown / pschent

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46
Q

The symbol of power over Upper Egypt

A

white crown / hedjet

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47
Q

The symbol of power over Lower Egypt

A

red crown / deshret

48
Q

The blue war crown worn when the Egyptian pharaoh went to war as the head of the army, used from the 18th dynasty onwards.

A

khepresh

49
Q

headdress that symbolizes protection & royal power

A

Eye of Horus

50
Q

is a rope enclosing a royal name thereby serving as the protector of that name.

A

Cartouche

51
Q

This scepter has a stylized animal head on top and a forked end. It was a visual representation of the concept of “power” or
“dominion.“

A

Was Scepter

52
Q

represents the sun god Ra and the divinity of the Pharaoh.

A

Sun Disk

53
Q

God of the Dead and the Keeper of the Gate with a head of a jackal

A

Anubis

54
Q

are symbols of royalty, kingship, majesty and dominion. The crook is a scepter symbolizing government.

A

Crook and Flail

55
Q

____ symbolizes royal protection of the Lower Egypt while ____ symbolizes divine kingship of the Upper Egypt.

A

Uraeus/Cobra ; Falcon

56
Q

Symbol for Lower Egypt and Fertility

A

Papyrus

57
Q

Symbol for Upper Egypt and Fertility

A

Lotus

58
Q

are indicative of plant stems gathered at the base with capitals derived from the lotus bud, papyrus flower and the palm.

A

Columns

59
Q

upper part of the column

A

Capital

60
Q

Latin origin of the word Capital that means “head”

A

Capita

61
Q

is a broad pit below ground covered with a
rectangular flat mound with sides sloping at 75 degrees

A

Royal Mastaba

62
Q

The word mastaba is an Arabic word meaning

A

bench of mud

63
Q

this served as the threshold between the world of the mortals and the spirits

A

False Door / Ka Door(?)

64
Q

the Egyptian concept of vital essence or life force, where the spirits roam around at dusk and goes back at the mastaba at dawn

A

the Ka

65
Q

heavy stones that are dropped through the slots of the royal mastaba to seal the chamber.

A

portcullises

66
Q

This part of a mastaba is describes as a room for the statue of the deceased

A

Serdab

67
Q

The part of a mastaba where the name of the deceased is inscribed

A

Stele

68
Q

A part of a mastaba where the slot of portcullises are located

A

Tomb Shaft

69
Q

a series of successively smaller mastabas one atop of another

A

Step Pyramid

70
Q

is the world’s first large scale monument in stone with no free-standing columns. It was originally clad in polished white limestone.

A

Step Pyramid of Djozer

71
Q

was originally planned as a true pyramid, but
the corners were built on unstable ground and the walls of the
burial chambers inside began to crack and shift inward.

A

Bent Pyramid

72
Q

has the best preserved limestone outer sheath of any pyramid in Egypt

A

Bent Pyramid of Snefru, Dashur

73
Q

Has a square base and four sloping triangular sides meeting at an apex

A

True Pyramid

74
Q

4 parts of a Pyramid

A

a. Offering chapel
b. Mortuary temple (for the worship of the dead)
c. Causeway
d. Valley building (for interment & embalmment)

75
Q

Is the oldest and largest (13 acres) of the 3 pyramids in the Giza Necropolis. It is the oldest of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact.

A

Pyramid of Cheops (Khufu)

76
Q

a beautiful white limestone

A

White Tura Stone

77
Q

Is a hollow space in the middle of a massive structure of stone

A

King’s chamber

78
Q

4 stars where the Pyramid of Khufus narrow shafts are pointing to.

A
  1. Belt stars of Orion (Osiris)
  2. Sirius (Isis)
  3. Alpha Draco
  4. Kochab
79
Q

is slightly smaller than the great Pyramid of Cheops & guarded by the Sphinx believed to bear the face of King Chephren

A

Pyramid of Chephren (Khafre)

80
Q

is a mythical monster with the body of a lion and the head of a pharaoh, hawk or ram.

A

sphinx

81
Q

The word sphinx literally means

A

“living image of the creator god Atum”

82
Q

a sphinx with a body of a lion with a head of a man

A

Androsphinx

83
Q

a sphinx with a body of a lion with a head of a ram

A

Criosphinx

84
Q

is the smallest and the last among the 3 pyramids to be built in the Giza Plateau.

A

Pyramid of Mykerinos (Menkaura, son of Chephren)

85
Q

A type of a Rock-cut tomb were elaborately decorated tombs are carved into the limestone cliffs

A

Hillside Tombs

86
Q

has 39 ancient rock-cut tombs

A

Tombs, Beni Hasan

87
Q

a rock-cut tomb that contain stairways, passageways, corridors and burial chambers located below the valley floor.

A

Corridor Tombs

88
Q

was the royal necropolis of Ancient Egypt where the kings & powerful nobles were buried.

A

Valley of the Kings, Luxor

89
Q

How many items were recovered from the burial of Tutankhamun

A

3,500 items

90
Q

is a place near the Valley of the Kings where wives of Pharaohs were buried in ancient times.

A

Valley of the Queens, Luxor

91
Q

A type of temple that is used for the ministrations to deified pharaohs.

A

Mortuary Temple

92
Q

A type of temple that is for the worship of the ancient and mysterious gods.

A

Cult Temple

93
Q

the monumental gateway part of an Egyptian Temple

A

Pylon

94
Q

The part of an Egyptian Temple that is surrounded by columns

A

Great Court

95
Q

The part of an Egyptian Temple that is described as a forest of columns, portraying the illusion of infinity and vastness of space

A

Hypostyle Hall

96
Q

The holiest part of an Egyptian Temple & accessible only to the king & high priests.

A

Sanctuary

97
Q

is a tall 4-sided narrow tapering column terminating in a pyramidion, its most sacred part.

A

Obelisk

98
Q

Keeps the portable barque for transporting the God during processions

A

Barque Shrine

99
Q

Temple walls were designed with inward inclinations called?

A

Battered walls

100
Q

was the last pagan temple to exist in the
Mediterranean. It was dedicated to goddess Isis, wife of Osiris & mother of Horus.

A

Temple of Isis, Philae

101
Q

is the grandest of all Egyptian temples & built by many kings. It was most important sanctuary of the cult who worshipped the
sun god, Amun-Ra

A

Great Temple of Amun, Karnak

102
Q

Form of pictographic writing in ancient Egypt

A

Hieroglyphics

103
Q

A step pyramid can be found in

A

Sakkara

104
Q

was mostly built by Amenophis III, dedicated to the Theban Triad of Amun, Mut & Khons

A

Temple of Luxor

105
Q

is a rock-hewn temple with 4 rock-cut colossal statues of Rameses II, over 20 m. high

A

Great Temple, Abu Simbel

106
Q

is a rock-hewn temple dedicated to
Rameses II’s deified queen, Nefertari & the goddess Hathor

A

Small Temple, Abu Simbel

107
Q

Deir el-Bahari was built by Senmut & dedicated to the
sun god Amun-Ra.
It is connected to a corridor tomb.

A

Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Valley of the
Queens

108
Q

Der-el-Bahari is directly related to a corridor tomb

A

Mortuary Temple of Mentuhetep

109
Q

was a cult temple mostly done by Rameses III.

A

Temple of Khons, Karnak

110
Q

The close-grained limestone wall relief is the finest in Egypt.

A

Temple of Seti I, Abydos

111
Q

_______ by Rameses II, is a mortuary
temple of the cult type.

A

The Ramesseum, Thebes

112
Q

built from sandstone blocks, is the
most completely preserved of all temple remains

A

Temple of Horus, Edfu

113
Q

was built to celebrate the divine birth of Horus

A

Mammisi Temple, Edfu

114
Q

is often referred to as a birth house of the
gods located within the temple complex

A

mammisi temple

115
Q

is dedicated to Ihy (the son of Hathor and Horus)

A

Mammisi Temple at the Temple of Hathor, Dendera

116
Q

long causeway or ceremonial avenue

A

Dromos

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE (5 decks)

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