Eh Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
What is Force Health Protection
A
The conservation of the fighting potential of a force so that it is healthy and fully combat capable
2
Q
Main categories Med Force Protection Hazards
A
Physical, chemical, biological
3
Q
What is a Disease Non Battle Injury
A
Person who is not a casualty. But who is lost to the organisation by reason of disease or injury
4
Q
Dnbi is split into two categories
A
External (flora/fauna, climate, disease, enviro/industrial hazards)
Internal (disease, food and water, waste, premises, processes)
5
Q
1st line of Force Health Protection
A
CHA’s, CHD’s, unit medical staff
6
Q
Two categories of disease
A
Communicable, non communicable
7
Q
Communicable
A
Transmitted from an infected petson/animal/insect either directly or non directly to a susceptible host
8
Q
Three roles of CHD
A
Op sanitation
Pest/vector control
Water quality/analysis
9
Q
Roles of CMT in providing EH advice at 1st line
A
Policy and procedures
Advice and training
Monitoring and investigation
10
Q
Principles of risk management
A
Prevention and control
11
Q
JSP for FHP
A
950
12
Q
Definition: HAZARD
A
Anything that may cause harm
13
Q
Definition: RISK
A
Probability that someone could be harmed
14
Q
3 methods of auditing and surveillance
A
Fmed 85
EHT audits
Local med intelligence
15
Q
POPULATION AT RISK
list 4
A
Friendly forces
Local civ population
Locally employed civilians
P. o. W/ Detained personel
16
Q
5 x steps Health Risk Management Process
A
Hazard identification Identify people at risk Risk assessment Risk management Monitoring activity
17
Q
Definition: HEALTH
A
A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease
18
Q
Definition: DISEASE
A
Any state that is a departure from positive health whether it be mental or physical
19
Q
Chain of Infection
A
Source, route, target
20
Q
Definition: FOMITE
A
inanimate object capable of spreading disease
21
Q
Definition: DNBI
A
A person who is not a battle casualty but who is lost to the organisation by reason of disease or injury
22
Q
Types of microorganism that can cause communicable disease
6
A
Bacteria Protozoa Helminths Virus Parasites Fungi
23
Q
Defibition: PATHOGEN
A
Microorganism capable of causing disease
24
Q
5 examples of source of disease
A
Case Carrier Convalescent Contact Corpse
25
Defintion: OUTBREAK
Two or more cases of a communicable disease which are/may be linked by time and/or space
26
Single point of contact for Fmed 85
So2 Health Protection, defence public health unit
27
When complete and Fmed 85?
Person with an infectious disease
28
What is a notifiable disease?
Any disease required by law to be reported to Gonvernment authorities
29
What form would you use for Notifiable Diseases
EpiNato
30
Roles and functions of EH
Communicable disease prevention and control
Water quality monitoring and analysis
Food hygiene and safety
Operation field sanitation and waste disposal
Vector and pest control
Environmental monitoring
Occupational health and safety
31
What does a risk assessment do?
Helps commander and their staff to prioritise and allocate resources for FHP
32
Impact of disease on military
Man power wastage
Unit mission failure
Wastes limited unit resources
33
Examples of Non communicable disease
Climatic injury
Physical Injury
Cancers
Dietary deficiencies/excesses
34
Organisms enter the body
```
Eyes
Mouth
Nose
Injection
Genitals
Anus
Open cuts sores
```
35
ROUTES of disease
Airborne
Contact/animal
Ingestion
Arthropod
36
Definition: TARGET
Healthy susceptible human
37
Who is ultimately responsible for Fmed 85
The MO
38
Outbreak investigations necessary for:
```
Assessing scale of outbreak
Prevent further spread
Investigate origin
Learn lesson
Assist in confirmation of outbreak
Fulfil statutory requirement
```
39
An initial investigation consists
| 4
Preliminary phase
Communication
Confirm notification
Control measures
40
Short halt camp
Less then 24 hours. Cat sanitation
41
Temporary camp
24hrs-7days
| Excavation and burial
42
Semi permanent
7 days - 6 months.
| Improvised appliances
43
Permanent
6 months+
| Permanent fixtures
44
Shallow trench urinal
1m x 3mx 150mm deep with further 150mm of loose earth.1 x STu for 250 men
45
Refuse/Ash pit
1m x 1m x 1m
46
Semi perm camp - US(SR)
Funnel urinal and soakage put.
4 funnels per soakage pit
1 x funnel = 25 men
47
Deep trench latrine
3.6m x 750mm wide x 2.5m depth
48
Deep trench Latrine
3.6m x 750mm wide x 2.5m dept
49
4th Line EH support
DMS whittington
RAF Centre for aviation medicine
Institute of Naval Medicine
Environmental Monitoring Teams
50
2nd Line of EH support
Theatre EH teams
51
3rd Line EH support
REGIONAL command EH Teams
52
Arthropod modes of spread
Biological and mechanical
53
Definition: INFESTATION
Presence of an unusually large number of insects or animals in a place, typically so as to cause damage or disease
54
Definiteion: ECTOPARASITE
Organisms that live on the skin of the host from which they derive their sustenance
55
Two modes of spread contact/animal
Direct and indirect
56
Defibition: DIRECT
Diseases that are contracted following direct contact with an infected person or animal
57
Definition: indirect
Transmitted on fomites
58
Diseases military significance:.
| DIRECT
Sti
Scabies
Rabies
Q fever
59
Diseases military significance:.
| INDIRECT
Gingivitis
Impetigo
Verucca/warts
Fungal skin infection
60
Zoonotic disease
Scabies, rabies, q fever
61
Signs symptoms of Q Fever
```
Flu like symptoms
Headache
Nausea
Weightloss
Sever cases pneumonia
```
62
Control of contact/animal disease
| SOURCE
```
Treatment of cases
Dispose of corpses/carcasses correctly
Health education
Contact tracing
Disinfection
```
63
Control of contact/animal
| ROUTE
Direct: abstinence, monogmomy, don't touch animals
Indirevt: disinfection, launder, keep personal items personal
64
Control of contact/animal
| TARGET
Health education
Immunisation
Personal hygeine
65
How to eliminate blood borne diseases
Incorrect use of PPE
Not enough adequate PPE
Needlestick injuries
66
Mode of spread of ingestion disease
Consumption of contaminated food and water
67
Types of contamination of ingestion diseases
Chemical (lead, Mercury, disinfectants, insecticides)
Physical (glass, paint, masonry, dust)
Biological (pathogenic microorganisms)
68
How does contamination occur
```
Flies and cockraoches
Rodents
Poor personal hygiene
Poor waste disposal
Poor food hygiene
Poor food prep
Untreated water
```
69
4 ingestion borne diseases you can be vaccinated against
Polio and infective hepatitis, cholera, typhoid
70
Biological mode of spread
Pathogens multiply inside the arthropod
71
Mechanical mode of spread
Arthropod carries pathogens on outside of body
72
Benefits of CHD personnel
| 7
```
Self sufficient
Proactive pest control
Improvised sanitation
Water safety
Lower DNBI
Maintain Op efficiency
Intelligent tasking of EH team
```
73
Constraints of EH personnel
| 4
Lack of space
Proximity to sleeping/eating areas
Logistics
High tempo of activities
74
Functional areas of CHA
Completion of T1 EIH
Management of CHD personnel
Medical force protection using risk management
Involvement in overseas training
75
CHA specific tasks
Identify hazards in AOR
Threat and hazard assessment and recognition
Implement FHP measures
Advise CoC in management measures
76
Short halt camp USSR
Cat sanitation
77
Temporary camp USSR disposal
Shallow trench urinal (1x250x24hrs)
Shallow trench latrine (5 x 100x 3days)
Grease strainer and soakage pit
Refuse/Ash pit (1m2 x 100 x 24hrs)
78
Semi perm USSR removal
Funnel/female urinal and soakage pit: (1 x25)ax 4 x funnel per pit. 6 months usage
Trough urinal (1 x 100 x 6 months)
Deep trench latrine (5seats x 100 men x 6 months)
79
Types of incinerator
Oil drum incin
Incline plane incin
Semi enclosed incin
80
Military impacts of climatic injuries
| 61
```
Climatic injuries can kill
Morbidity/downgrading
Medical discharge
Loss of effectiveness
Waste of limited resources
MISSION failure
```
81
Climate doctrine
JSP 375
82
Minor heat illness/injuries
Faibting
Heat cramp
Prickly heat
Sunburn
83
Two types of major heat illness
Heat exhaustion
| Heat stroke
84
Two type of heat climates
Hot wet
| Hot dry
85
What environmental factors can effect risk of heat illness
Radiant heat
Humidity
Wind speed
Ambient air temperature
86
Two doctrines for clinical info and advice for commander and cold and heat injurjes
```
JSP 950 (clin)
JSP 375 (advic commander and climate)
```
87
How long does it take to acclimatise
10-14 days or longer
88
Individual risk factors that increase the chance of heat illness
```
Health - nutritional
Work - activity
Lifestyle - smoker
Sunburn
Age
```
89
EpiNato2, what is it?
A disease surveillance program used by Nato on overseas operations
90
What do you do with an EpiNato2?
Fill it in correctly. Send up CoC/HQ, do own analysis.
| Daily data collection and weekly declaration/ return
91
Water samples must be:
In a suitable aseptic container
Correctly labelled- DTG, location, source, samples
Supporting information
Flight information
92
Sampling frequency
Daily - chlorine
Weekly - bacterialogical testing
Quarterly - chemical testing
93
What should be done in the event of water contamination?
Switch to bottled water reserve
Hard regimes.
Collect sample for quicksilver
Inform EH immediately
94
What chemical is added to de taste water. When is it added
Sodium thiosulfate to neutralize it. Added just before consumption.
95
Contact period of water is normally 15 mins. When would you leave it 30 mins.
If schistosomiasis is present
If there is no test kit present
If the water is below 5 degrees
96
Two methods of clarifying water
Filtration and sedimentation
97
Two methods of disinfecting water
Chemical (chlorine)
| Physical (boiling)
98
Two methods of clarifying water
Filtration (sand or man made porous filter)
| Sedimentation (allowing gravity to remove suspended particles from water)
99
Basic considerations relating to water quality
```
2km recce
Flowing
Turbidity
Livestock
Live fish
Vegetation
```
100
Basic considerations relating to water quantity
```
25L pp/per day
10L minimum (drinking and hygiene)
```
101
6 stages/ principles of water purification
| and explain
```
Selection of source
Clarification
Disinfection
Contact period
Test
De taste
```
102
Diseases associated with water
WILDCATSGP
103
Who does water testing
ROYAL ENGINEERS
| EHP'S (CHA AND CHD can assist)
104
Two types of water contaminants and examples
Suspended (grit, sand, disease, sewage, organisms, sediment)
Dissolved (heavy metals, chemicak/toxic waste, pesticides, war agents, salts, detergents)
105
Purpose of water purification within the Army
To prevent disease by removing all disease causing organisms, therefore maintaining force effectiveness
106
Impact of contaminated water
Loss of manpower
Increase in DNBI
Unit mission faikure
Limited resources wastage (time/money)
107
Purposes of good waste management
Minimise risk of disease
Prevention water/food contamination
Discourage pest/vectors
Maintain comfort and morale
108
Considerations to camp siting
Access
Location
Terrain
109
Basic principles when siting camp
Front of camp facing wind
Accommodation at front
Sanitary facilities down wind of accom
Latrines away from kitchens and water sources
110
Hypothermia mechanisms of injury
Immersion
Exposure
Urban
111
3 categorise of of cold injuries
Generalised cold ibjuries
Localised freezing cold ibjury
Non freezing cold injury
112
Signs and symptoms of generalised cold injury
```
Say they feel cold
Loss of dexterity
Blue lips
Uncontrolled shivering (or stopped shivering)
Irritability and confusion
Slurred speech
Reduced consciousness
Say they feel ok
```
113
What is localised cold injury
Individual body part Exposed to cold which may become damaged.
114
Two common localised cold injury
Freezing cold injury
| Non freezing cold injury
115
Two common freezing cold injuries
Frost nip (tingling followed by numbness, white and pink, mottled)
Frost bite (no feeling, waxy looking, white/black, clear line between white and pink)
116
Non freezing cold injuries
Trench foot
Wind burn
Snow blindness
117
Signs symptoms of trench foot
Numbness in area
Pain
Pins and needles
118
Commanders assessment of risk should consider following
```
Activity/ duration
Environmental condition
Preparation/ education
Water/food intake
Alcohol
Dress/equipment
Predisposing factors
```
119
What environmental factors can affect the risk of heat illness
Radiant heat
Ambient air temperature
Hunidity
Windspeed
120
Individual risk factors for getting heat injury
```
Health
Work
Lifestyle
Age
Sunburn
```
121
Climatic injury reporting
Dmicp climatic injury template
| JSP 375 climatic injury template
122
Prevention of cold injury
Individual prep
Enviro temp
Wind chull
Work intensity
123
Commanders risk assessment should consider:
```
Predisposing factors
Environments condition
Food/water intake
Acitivity/duration
Prepeation/ education
Alcohol
Dress/equipment
```
124
5 individual risk factors that increase chance of heat illness
Lifestyle - smoking
Health - previous heat injury, recent vaccination, sunburn, dehydration
Work - lack of sleep
