Ehrhart Flashcards
(25 cards)
Normal gene products often involved in promotion of cell proliferation or tissue growth
Proto-oncogenes
Are developmental (congenital) defects reversible?
Balls no.
Complete failure of an organ or tissue to develop. (organ or tissue never started)
Agenesis
Failure of an organ or tissue to grow (development) into a rudimentary organ. Remnants of the organ or tissue exist. Failure of a tissue to renew itself.
Aplasia
Incomplete development. Failure of an organ or tissue to reach normal size. Decreased renewal of an adult tissue.
Hypoplasia
Congenital absence of an opening or normally patent lumen. Body orifice or tubular organ.
Atresia
Decreased size of an organ or tissue after it has reached its normal size due to loss of cells or decreased size of individual cells. Diminished fx but not dead.
Atrophy
Increased size of an organ or tissue due to increased size of cells. In organs whose cells have lost mitotic capacity, fully differentiated.
Hypertrophy
An adaptive change from one adult cell type to another which is not normal to that organ or tissue.
Metaplasia
Abnormal (disorganized) growth of cells or tissue
Dysplasia
Disorders deriving from defective or faulty nutrition. Faulty development or tissue maintenance.
Dystrophy
INITIATION
Reversible?
DNA Mutation?
Morphologic Change in tissue?
NO
YES
NO
PROMOTION
Reversible?
DNA Mutation?
Morphologic Change in tissue?
YES
NO
YES
PROGRESSION
Reversible?
DNA Mutation?
Morphologic Change in tissue?
NO
YES
YES
What are the three steps of carcinogenesis?
Initiation, Promotion, Progression
What must happen for TSGs to lose fx? What are the two most well known?
They must lose both recessive alleles (double hit). Rb gene and p53 gene.
Angiogenesis and tumor ______ are very closely linked.
progression
What are three important factors in the initiation of angiogenesis?
Tumor microenvironment
Circulating endothelial cells
Tumor cell endothelial mimicry
Unequal sizes of erythrocytes.
Anisocytosis
Unequal sizes of nuclei in cells.
Anisokaryosis
Metastasis is typically a ________ distribution.
multifocal
What are the direct effects of a neoplasm on the host?
Space occupying
Pressure atrophy
Occlusion of passages
Local tissue destruction
Interference with vital fx
Paraneoplastic disease comes from?
hormones released by the tumor or associated tissues.
System of clinically subdividing tumor dz based on size of primary lesion, the presence of lymph node or hematogenous metastasis.
Tumor staging
