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EIGRP Flashcards

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1
Q

What is EIGRP(Enhanced Interior Gateway Protocol)?

A

IGP that has distance vector and link state properties.

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2
Q

What are distance vector properties of EIGRP?

A

Initial adjacency sends copy of entire routing table.

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3
Q

What are link state properties of EIGRP?

A
  1. Incremental updates only contain topology changes.

2. Backup routes (feasible successors) pre-calculated.

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4
Q

What is the Hello multicast address?

A

224.0.0.10

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5
Q

What protocol is used to handle the transport of messages between EIGRP-enabled routers? #

A

Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) 88 uses seq.# & acks.

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6
Q

What does an AS(Autonomous System) identify?

A

Routers that belong to the same group.

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7
Q

Can routers is different AS become neighbors?

A

No.

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8
Q

What does the Route table store?#sh ip route eigrp

A

Only the best routes which are advertised to neighbors.

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9
Q

What does the Topology table store?

A

All valid/loop-free routes learned from neighbors.

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10
Q

What does the Neighbor table store?#sh ip eigrp neighbor

A

Devices running EIGRP that have formed an adjacency.

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11
Q

What is EIGRP Admin Distance?

A

D : 90 = Internal
D EX : 170 = External
5 = Summary

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12
Q

What is the Diffusing Update Algorithm(DUAL) process?

A
  1. Router loses successor.
  2. Paths are removed from Topology table.
  3. If FS exists, that route is
    move to Route table.
  4. No FS = all neighbors queried for alt. route.
  5. No alt. route found = Stuck in Active (SIA).
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13
Q

What is a Passive (P) route?

A

A route that is stable.

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14
Q

What is an Active (A) route?

A

Down querying for alt. path.(QUERY/REPLY)

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15
Q

What is Feasible Distance(FD)?
What is Advertised Distance(AD)?
What is Local Distance(LD)?

A 
FD = YOU to DESTINATION.
AD = NEIGHBOR to DESTINATION.
LD = YOU to NEIGHBOR.
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16
Q

What is Handle (H)? #sh ip eigrp neigh?

A

Order in which adjacency’s were made.

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17
Q

What is Hold (Hold Time)? #sh ip eigrp neigh?

A

Advertised time telling a neighbor to drop adjacency if a HELLO is not received within that time.

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18
Q

What is Uptime(U)? #sh ip eigrp neighbor?

A

Amount of time an adjacency has been up.

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19
Q

What is Short Round Trip Time(SRTT)?
#sh ip eigrp neigh?

A

Average time it takes EIGRP packets to Rx/Tx.

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20
Q

What is Q Count?
#sh ip eigrp neigh?

A

of EIGRP update/reply/query packets in queue.

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21
Q

What is Seq#?
#sh ip eigrp neigh?

A

Sequence # of last EIGRP update/reply/query packet.

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22
Q

What command shows # of H/U/Q/R/A packets Tx/Rx?

A

show ip eigrp traffic.

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23
Q

When a successor is lost anf there is no FS, transmission of which 2 packet types increase?

A

Query and Reply. (DUAL re-convergence)

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24
Q

How does the EIGRP Initial Route Exchange work?

A
  1. Hello is multicast to connected neighbors.
  2. Neighbors unicast route updates.
  3. Neigh.#1 unicasts ack/update.
  4. Neigh.#2 unicasts ack.
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25
What is the HELLO/HOLD for Ethernet links?
5/15
26
Must HELLO/HOLD timer match for adj. to form?
No, HELLO/HOLD times = locally significant values advertised to neighbors and not sent along with EIGRP packets.
27
What command show current HELLO/HOLD timers?
#show ip eigrp interface detail
28
What is the HELLO/HOLD for Serial links?
60/180
29
HELLO/HOLD timers get configured on?
Individual interfaces
30
What command changes the HELLO time?
``` #interface (int.) #ip hello eigrp (as#) (time in sec.) ```
31
What command changes HOLD time?
``` #interface (int.) #ip hold eigrp (as#) (time in sec.) ```
32
Does changing HELLO time dynamically change HOLD time?
No.
33
Flapping Links are caused by?
Misconfigured HELLO/HOLD timers.
34
What is Re-transmit Time Out (RTO)? #sh ip eigrp neigh
If this timer expires and an ACK has not been received by a neighbor who sent an update, a unicast update will be sent directly to the neighbor again.
35
How does EIGRP guarantee a loop-free topology?
1. Split Horizon prevents a route from being advertised back through the link it was received on. 2. Feasibility test will ensure that a FS's AD is less than the successors FD.
36
What qualifies a route to be a Feasible Successor?
If the AD is less than the successors FD.
37
What 2 conditions must be met for a route to become part of unequal cost load-balancing?
1. Pass feasibility test. (AD = less than successor FD) | 2. Variance must cover Feasible Successor's FD.
38
How do you change the AD of an EIGRP route?
``` Both internal and external AD must be changed at the same time: #router eigrp # #distance eigrp "internal route AD" "external route AD" ```
39
When changing the AD of an EIGRP route, is the AD learned by neighbors?
No, the AD is locally significant.
40
Two types of EIGRP summarization are?
Auto = default & Manual.
41
Where routers does auto summarization affect?
Routers advertising routes.
42
What are the benefits of auto summarization?
1. Routing tables are smaller. 2. Routing process is faster. 3. Load on CPU is lessened. 4. Specific network #'s are hidden = security 5. impact of flapping links is lessened. 6. EIGRP query count is lessened.
43
How do you manually summarize routes?
1. Write each route in binary. 2. Network = common bits. 3. Mask = # of common bits set to 1 then converted to binary.
44
Where do manually summarized routes get applied?
``` The interface advertising the routes. #interface "interface" #ip summary-address eigrp "as#" "ip address" "mask" ```
45
Where can you find the AD of a manually summarized route?
On the router advertising the route. (Locally significant)
46
What AD will a manually summarize route show on a neighbor?
D 90 = Internal
47
``` Where does a summary address get routed? #show ip route eigrp? ```
Null0 = Route to nowhere/drop
48
What command shows the AD of 5 for a summary route?
#sh ip route "network" "mask"
49
When is configuring a stub router a good idea?
On Hub-and Spoke
50
Are stub routers queried when a neighbor loses a successor and no feasible successor exists?
No. Stub routing limits the scope of query packets.
51
What two types of routes do stub routers advertise to the Hub?
1. Directly connected. | 2. Summary.
52
Can two stub routers form an adjacency?
No.
53
What command is used to make a router a stub?
``` #router eigrp "as#" #eigrp stub ```
54
What command is used to stop packets from being sent out of an interface?
``` #router eigrp "as#" #passive-interface "interface" ```
55
What command shows K values?
#show ip protocols
56
What is K1?
Bandwidth
57
What is K2?
Load
58
What is K3?
Delay
59
What is K4?
Reliability
60
What is K5?
MTU
61
What does EIGRP use Weights/K Values for?
To determine how much importance to give a particular value when calculating route metrics.
62
What 2 K Values are taken into consideration by default?
K1 = Bandwidth & K3 = Delay
63
How do you change K values?
``` #router eigrp "as#' #metric weights "TOS = 0" "K1" "K2" "K3" "K4" "K5" ```
64
Do K values need to match for an adjacency?
Yes.
65
How to change bandwidth of Serial interfaces?
``` #int Serial "interface" #bandwidth "1-10000000kb" ```
66
Bandwidth of Hub using physical interfaces with same CIR rates?
CIR (x) devices = Bandwidth
67
Bandwidth of Hub using VC's with diff. CIR rates?
``` Create P2P sub-interfaces with separate values. #int S"#.1" point-to-point #ip add "ip" "mask" #bandwidth "#" ```
68
Bandwidth of Hub using a single multipoint interface with different bandwidths?
``` Sum of CIR's = Bandwidth. #int S"#.123" multipoint #bandwidth "#" ```
69
What happenes to neighbors who do not respond to SIA queries by the time the Active Timer ends?
The sender removes those neighbors from the neighbor table.
70
How do you disable the Active Timer (1 min.)?
``` #interface (int.#) timers active-time disabled ```
71
``` If a static neighbor adjacency is formed, will dynamic adjacency's form on that same interface? (multi-point frame -relay) #router eigrp 10 #neighbor 10.10.10.3 interface (int.#) ```
Once a static adjacency is configured on an interface, dynamic neighbor discovery will be disabled on that interface.
72
What is the EIGRP Active process?
1. QUERY is sent and 1 min. Active Timer is set. 1a. ACK is expected before REPLY. 1b. ACK not received by HOLD time = adj. reset. 2. If reply not received then 1 more query is sent. 3. REPLY "waiting for Q response = adj. kept. 4. No reply after 2nd query = Adjacency reset.
73
Why should HOLD timer《 ACTIVE timer?
It prevents a querying router from becoming SIA because a downstream QUERY was not replied to fast enough.
74
How many equal cost paths are allowed in the route table by default?
4
75
What is the max equal cost paths allowed in the route table?
6
76
What conditions must be met to form an adj.?
1. HELLO must be received from neighbor. 2. AS # must match. 3. IP's must be on same subnet.
77
How do you configure EIGRP authentication?
``` A(config)#key chain MYCHAIN A(config-keychain)#key 1 A(config-keychain-key)#key-string MYPASS A(config-if)#ip auth key-chain eigrp 10 MYCHAIN A(config-if)#ip auth mode eigrp 10 md5 ```

CCNP Route (2 decks)

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