ekg Flashcards
(138 cards)
1
Q
unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
LEAD I
A
bipolar, RA & LA
2
Q
unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
LEAD II
A
bipolar; RA & LL
3
Q
unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
LEAD III
A
bipolar; LL & LA
4
Q
unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
aVL
A
unipolar; LA
5
Q
unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
aVF
A
unipolar; LL/LF
6
Q
unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
aVR
A
unipolar; RA
7
Q
unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
V1
A
uni; V1
8
Q
unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
V2
A
uni; V2
9
Q
unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
V3
A
uni; V3
10
Q
unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
V4
A
uni; V4
11
Q
unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
V5
A
uni; V5
12
Q
unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
V6
A
uni; V6
13
Q
P wave
A
atrial contraction & atrial depolarization
14
Q
R wave
A
ventricular depolarization
ventricular contraction
15
Q
T wave
A
ventricular repolarization
ventricular relax/recharge
16
Q
electrodes needed for 3 lead ECG
A
LL, LA, RA
17
Q
“_______” refers to a conductive pad which is attached to the skin and enables recording of electrical current
A
electrodes
18
Q
“______” refers to a graphical description of the electrical activity of the heart and it is created by analyzing several electrodes
A
leads
19
Q
ICS
A
intercostal space
20
Q
_____ - greater voltage, to become larger
A
augmented
21
Q
sternal angle
A
Angle of Lewis
22
Q
______ - imaginary line running between axilla to hip
A
midaxillary
23
Q
precordial -
A
anterior to the heart
24
Q
augmented voltage
A
aV
25
electrodes needed for a standard 12 lead ECG
RA, LA , LL, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, LF
26
leads recorded for a standard 12 lead ECG
I, II, III, aVF, aVL, aVR, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6,
27
standard limb leads electrode placement
-> Place the electrodes on ___,___, ____, ____
->Arms - ____________ OR __________
-> Legs - _____________ OR ____________
RL, RA, LL, LA
below clavicles OR fatty part of arms
anterior iliac crest OR inner shin
28
______ leads - electrode placement
unipolar
29
explain Einthoven's triangle in your own words
imaginary right triangle between leads I, II, III, over the heart
30
when performing a 3 lead ECG, what electrodes are being used?
LL, LA, RA
31
using the electrodes from a 3 lead ECG, what leads could you read?
aVF, aVL, aVR, Lead I, II, III
32
When performing a 5 lead ECG, what electrodes are being used?
RA, LA, RL, LL, V1
33
What might happen if: the precordial electrodes were all placed 1 ICS lower than would be expected?
the EKG will be mostly focus on the ventricles meaning, it would come from the ventricles nothing from the atriums
34
what might happen if: the wires for the limb leads were placed incorrectly, with the red wire being attached to the LA and the black wire being attached to the LL. How will this affect your EKG?
Lead I would be in a different location because LL and LA are in the incorrect places
35
what might happen if: during the EKG, the wire attached to the RA becomes unattached, what leads will not be able to read?
Lead I and II because they are both bipolar and need RA
36
what might happen if: during the EKG, the wire attached to V1 becomes unattached, what leads will not be able to read?
V1 won't be able to read because it's unipolar and it's the only one
37
What might happen if: you accidentally place the LA electrode on the deltoid, and the RA electrode directly underneath the clavicle. What lead might this affect and why?
Lead I and II, aVL because they all need LA to be placed correctly to be read
38
why is it important to use the same location for both arms or both legs
because PQRST will be read differently/changed. the triangle changes
39
3 principles all EKG machines use
standardization, sensitivity, speed
40
Standardization setting, when it comes to EKG machines
1mV = 10mm
41
Sensitivity setting, when it comes to EKG machines
should start at 1
42
Speed settings, when it comes to EKG machines
25mm/sec
43
ICS
Intercostal spaces
44
Augmented
to become larger, greater voltage
45
sternal angle
Ridge between manubrium and body at second rib
46
Angle of Lewis, manubriosternal junction
A.K.A. sternal angle
47
midaxillary
imaginary line running on the side of the body from axilla to hip
48
bi-polar
monitor the input from 2 electrodes
49
precordial
pertaining to the are of the chest wall over the heart
50
aV
augmented voltage
51
electrode
conductive pad which is attached to the skin and enables recording of electrical current
52
leads
graphical description of the electrical activity of the heart and is created by analyzing several electrodes
53
EKG description using the terms "leads" and "electrodes"
a standard 12-lead EKG consists of 2 sets of EKG leads- the limb leads and precordial leads- providing 12 leads total, and is obtained using 10 electrodes
54
Limb Leads Arms- electrode placement
fleshy part of the upper arms OR directly under each clavicle
55
Limb Leads Legs- electrode placement
inner, lower calves, OR mid-clavicular line, upper quadrants (waist)
56
Description of V1 lead electrode placement
4th ICS, Right of sternum
57
Description of V2 lead electrode placement
4th ICS, Left of sternum
58
Description of V3 lead electrode placement
midway between V2 and V4
59
Description of V4 lead electrode placement
5th ICS, mid-clavicular line
60
Description of V5 lead electrode placement
horizontal to V4, slightly anterior to midaxillary line
61
Description of V6 lead electrode placement
horizontal to V4, on the midaxillary line
62
electrodes needed for a 12-lead EKG
RA, LA, LL, RL, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6
63
red wire
left leg
64
black wire
left arm
65
white wire
right arm
66
green wire
right leg
67
brown wire
V1
68
smoke over fire
black over red
69
snow over grass
white over green
70
white on the right
white on Right Arm
71
We "heart" chocolate
brown in the middle, V1
72
The Cardiac Cycle
the contraction and relaxation of both the atria and ventricles
73
polarization
when the muscle cells are at rest
74
depolarization
when the muscle cells are stimulated to contract
75
repolarization
when the cells are returning to their resting state/ recharging
76
contraction is physical and means the same as. . .
depolarization, which is electrical
77
recharging is physical and means the same as. . .
repolarization, which is electrical
78
Atrial depolarization- electrical
When the S.A. node fires
79
Atrial depolarization- physical
atrial contraction
80
atrial repolarization- electrical
impulse is traveling to AV node, where it is slightly delayed
81
atria repolarization- physical
atria rest and recover/ relaxation
82
ventricular depolarization- electrical
impulse travels through Bundle of His, L and R bundles, Purkinje fibers
83
ventricular depolarization- physical
ventricular contraction
84
ventricular repolarization- physical
ventricular rest and recover/ relaxation
85
baseline
normal EKG reading when there is no energy or electrical activity
86
deflection or wave
EKG movement away from baseline
87
P, Q, R, S, T
how the deflections or waves of an EKG are labeled
88
P wave (in electrical terms)
atrial depolarization- PQRST
89
QRS wave (or QRS complex)- (in electrical terms)
ventricular depolarization- PQRST
90
T wave (in electrical terms)
ventricular repolarization- PQRST
91
P wave (in physical terms)
atrial contraction- PQRST
92
QRS wave (or QRS complex) (in physical terms)
ventricular contraction- PQRST
93
T wave (in physical terms)
ventricular relaxation- PQRST
94
pericardium location
outermost layer of the heart
95
myocardium location
middle layer of the heart
96
endocardium location
innermost layer of the heart
97
pericardium description
double-walled sac that encloses the heart
98
myocardium description
muscle and fibrous tissue, actual movement of the heart
99
endocardium description
lines the heart chambers, creating a smooth surface
100
myocardial septum
right and left heart chambers are divided by this
101
one-way valves
upper and lower chambers of the heart are divided by these
102
right chambers
oxygen poor blood is in these chambers
103
left chambers
oxygen rich blood is in these chambers
104
atria
upper chambers of the heart
105
atrium receive blood
from the body
106
ventricles
lower chambers of the heart
107
ventricles send blood
out of the heart
108
oxygen rich
blood going away from the lungs and away from left ventricle
109
oxygen poor
blood going back to right atrium and to the lungs
110
Vena Cava sends blood here
right atrium
111
pulmonary vein sends blood here
left atrium
112
aorta receives blood from the
left ventricle
113
pulmonary artery receives blood from the
right ventricle
114
tricuspid valve
between right atrium and right ventricle
115
pulmonary valve
between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
116
mitral valve (or bicuspid valve)
between left atrium and left ventricle
117
aortic valve
between left ventricle and aorta
118
Sinoatrial node location
the node located in the right atrium
119
Sinoatrial node location
the node located in the right atrium
120
A.K.A. The Pacemaker
the sinoatrial node
121
Atrioventricular node location
the node located between atria and ventricles
122
Bundle of His
the electrical component that runs down the septum
123
Right and Left Bundle branches
the Bundle of His splits into this, traveling up each side of the heart
124
Purkinje fibers
the end of the electrical pathways, small fibers that spread throughout the heart
125
A.K.A. AV bundle
A.K.A. Bundle of His
126
The 3 "standard" leads
I, II, III
127
The 3 "augmented" leads
aVR, aVL, aVF
128
Bi-polar leads
Lead I, Lead II, Lead III
129
Unipolar leads
V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, aVR, aVF, aVL
130
aVR stands for
augmented voltage right arm
131
aVL stands for
augmented voltage left arm
132
aVF stands for
augmented voltage foot
132
aVF stands for
augmented voltage foot
133
Einthoven's Triangle
imaginary triangle formed by the electrodes on the RA, LA, LL
134
Lead I measures
difference between LA and RA
135
Lead II measures
difference between LL and RA
136
Lead III measures
difference between LL and LA
137
Lead II
provides a rhythm strip
