EKG Flashcards by Jennifer Becker

Normal Sinus Rhythm

Rate: 60-100
Rhythm: P before every QRS, regular rate, constant PR interval

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Sinus Tachycardia

> 100

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Sinus Bradycardia

< 60

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Irregularly irregular rhythm indicates

Atrial Fibrillation

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Rhythm

P before QRS?
PR interval (AV block)
QRS intervals (BBB)

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Afib increases the risk of

stroke

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What is the most common Sx of A fib?

Fatigue

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Why does Afib increase the risk of stroke?

blood pools in atria –> clots

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A fib EKG characteristics

irregularly irregular, no P waves, absent isoelectric line, variable ventricular rate

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Sx of A fib appear when rate is not controlled, they include:

palpitations, weakness, fatigue, lightheaded, dizziness, confusion, chest pain, dyspnea, hypotension, shock

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Causes of A fib

pericarditis, chest trauma, Obstructive sleep apnea, pulmonary disease, thyrotoxicosis, valvular heart disease, atrial septal defect, HTN, CHD, DCM, surgery

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Elderly patients w/ confusion

always do EKG, bc they present differently

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Causes of Sinus Tachycardia

emotion, fever, exercise, pain, anemia, HF, shock, thyrotoxicosis, medication SE, EtOH use or w/d

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Ventricular fibrillation EKG

Rate 350-450, no waves, inefficient twitching

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V fib increase the risk of

DEATH

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Causes of Sinus Bradycardia

Vagal influence on normal pacemaker or organic disease of the sinus node

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Lead I

Lateral lead

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Lead II

Inferior lead

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Lead III

Inferior lead

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aVR lead

No specific

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aVL lead

Lateral lead

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aVF lead

Inferior lead

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V1 lead

Septal lead

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V2 lead

Septal lead

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V3 lead

Anterior lead

V4 lead

Anterior lead

V5 lead

Lateral lead

V6 lead

Lateral lead

"saw tooth" appearance on EKG

Atrial Flutter

Atrial flutter approximate rate if there is 1 "F wave" for every QRS

300

Atrial flutter approximate rate if there is 2 "F wave" for every QRS

150

Atrial flutter approximate rate if there is 3 "F wave" for every QRS

Causes of ST elevation in multiple leads

pericarditis

ST depression + Rate 150-300 may indicate

Supraventricular Tachycardia

Treatment for SVT

adenosine

SVT shortens diastole and can lead to

ischemia

Adenosine administration is followed by asystole followed by

normal sinus rhythm (hopefully)

Elevated, peaked, symmetric T waves that approach the size of QRS, may indicate

hyperkalemia

Ventricular Tachycardia

wide, regular QRS complex

Torsades de Pointe

Ventricular tachycardia w/ typical sinusoidal, erratic appearance

Treatment for Torsades de Pointe

Magnesium Sulfate

1st Degree AV Block EKG description

prolonged PR

2nd Degree AV Block Type 1 EKG description

Progressively prolonging PR interval, followed by a dropped beat

2nd Degree AV Block Type 2 EKG description

PR prolonged, but constant, followed by a dropped beat

3rd Degree AV Block EKG description

P and QRS are completely independent of each other

3rd degree AV block which rate is faster atrial or ventricular

atrial rate

ST depression indicates

ischemia

ST elevation in a group of leads indicates

infarct

Right Bundle Branch Block EKG Findings

QRS widening > 120ms Notched QRS: r’SR M in Lead V1 W in Lead V6

P-wave slurring into QRS complex (delta wave) forming a triangular shape indicates

Wolfe-Parkinson-White | ectopic foci -> ventricular pre-excitation

T wave inversion can indicate

ischemia

Anterior Wall MI, ST elevation in which leads

V1-V4

Anteroseptal MI, ST elevation in which leads

V1-V2

Anterolateral wall MI, ST elevation in which leads

V4-V6

Lateral wall MI, ST elevation in which leads

Lead I and AVL

Inferior wall MI, ST elevation in which leads

II, III, aVL

Which artery supplies the inferior wall?

RCA

Which artery supplies the anterior wall?

LAD

Which artery supplies the anterolateral wall?

LCX

Which artery supplies the anteroseptal wall?

LAD

Which artery supplies the lateral wall?

LCX

Left Bundle Branch Block

QRS widening > 120ms Notched QRS: r’SR W in Lead V1 M in Lead V6

Treatment for Hyperkalemia

Calcium (stabilizes cell membrane), Insulin, Dextrose, Kayexelate

RBBB is caused by

scarring affecting the right conduction pathway

What shouldn't you give as treatment to a patient w/ an Inferior wall MI

Nitro

Chief complaint of WPW pt

syncope

ST changes indicate

acute events (infarct or ischemia)

Treatment for WPW

Procainamide or adenosine

Do not give which meds for WPW

CCB or Nitro

EKG Flashcards

(69 cards)