EKG Chap 2

Question 1

What is the smallest division on EKG ruled graph paper?

Answer 1

1 mm long & 1 mm high

Question 2

Between the heavy black lines, how many small squares are there?

Answer 2

5

Question 3

The height or depth of waves is measured from where?

Answer 3

from the baseline; in mm

Question 4

What is the height or depth of waves a measurement of?

Answer 4

voltage

Question 5

An upward deflection represents what?

Answer 5

amplitude

Question 6

Vertical amplitude represents a measure of what?

Answer 6

voltage

Question 7

Positive deflections appear how on an EKG?

Answer 7

upward

Question 8

Negative deflections appear how on an EKG?

Answer 8

downward

Question 9

The amount of time represented by the distance between 2 heavy black lines is?

Answer 9

0.2 seconds

Question 10

Each small division (measured horizontally between 2 fine lines) represents?

Answer 10

.04 seonds

Question 11

By measuring along the horizontal axis, what can be determined?

Answer 11

the duration of any part of a cardiac cycle

Question 12

The amount of EKG graph paper that passes out of the EKG machine in .12 second is how many small squares?

Answer 12

3

Question 13

A standard EKG is composed of?

Answer 13

6 limb leads & 6 chest leads

Question 14

Electrodes placed on the right & left arms, and the left legs are what?

Answer 14

limb leads

Question 15

How may electrodes are used to record a lead?

Answer 15

2

Question 16

A pair of electrodes for each lead are called?

Answer 16

bipolar leads

Question 17

Why are bipolar leads called such?

Answer 17

one is positive and one is negative

Question 18

By selecting a different pair of electrodes for each lead, 3 separate bipolar limbs can be created and are called?

Answer 18

lead I, lead II, lead III

Question 19

What is the bipolar limb lead configuration sometimes called?

Answer 19

Einthoven’s triangle

Question 20

By pushing the 3 bipolar limb leads to the center of the triangle, what do you get?

Answer 20

three intersecting lines of reference

Question 21

The AVF lead uses the left foot electrode as?

Answer 21

positive

Question 22

In AVF, both the right and left arm electrodes are channeled into a common ground that has what kind of charge?

Answer 22

negative

Question 23

For the AVR lead, the right arm electrode is what charge?

Answer 23

positive

Question 24

For the AVR lead, the right arm electrode is positive and the remaining two electrodes are what charge?

Answer 24

negative

Question 25

To obtain the AVL lead, the Left arm electrode is made what charge?

Answer 25

positive

Question 26

What are the other two electrodes , if for the AVL lead, the left arm electrode is made positive?

Answer 26

negative

Question 27

AVR equals what?

Answer 27

Right arm positive

Question 28

AVL equals what?

Answer 28

Left arm positive

Question 29

AVF equals what?

Answer 29

Foot (left foot) positive

Question 30

What are AVR, AVL, and AVF?

Answer 30

augmented (or unipolar) limb leads

Question 31

At what angle do AVR, AVL, and AVF leads intersect?

Answer 31

60 degree angles

Question 32

Do the angles for AVR, AVL and AVF differ from the bipolar limb leads I, II, III?

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

What do the 6 limb leads consist of?

Answer 33

three bipolar leads I, II, III and three augmented leads AVR, AVF, and AVL

Question 34

what is the flat plane of the limb leads called?

Answer 34

the frontal plane

Question 35

Does the EKG record the same cardiac activity in each lead?

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

What do the waves look different in various leads?

Answer 36

Because the heart's electrical activity is recorded from a different angle for each lead

Question 37

What is the advantage of observing the EKG from six different angles?

Answer 37

It gives a much greater and more accurate perspective

Question 38

What are leads I and AVL called?

Answer 38

lateral leads

Question 39

Why are leads I and AVl called lateral leads?

Answer 39

because each has a positive electrode positioned laterally on the left arm

Question 40

What are leads II, III, and AVF called?

Answer 40

inferior leads

Question 41

Why are leads II, III, and AVF called inferior leads?

Answer 41

because each of these leads has a positive electrode positioned inferiorly on the left front

Question 42

Name the six chest leads

Answer 42

V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6

Question 43

How are the 6 chest leads positioned?

Answer 43

In successive steps from the patient's right to the left side of the chest

Question 44

The positioning of the 6 chest leads does what?

Answer 44

cover the heart in its normal anatomical position within the chest

Question 45

What is the plane of the chest leads called?

Answer 45

horizontal plane

Question 46

What does the horizontal plane of the chest leads do?

Answer 46

it cuts the body into top and bottom halves

Question 47

If lead V1 through V6 are imagined to be the spokes of a wheel, where is center of the wheel located?

Answer 47

AV Node

Question 48

What does lead V2 describe?

Answer 48

a straight line directly from the front to the back of the patient

Question 49

In lead V2, the patient's back is considered to be what?

Answer 49

negative

Question 50

In V1, the QRS complex is normally what?

Answer 50

negative

Question 51

In V6, the QRS complex is mainly what?

Answer 51

positive

Question 52

Is the mainly positive QRS complex moving towards or away from the positive chest electrode of V6?

Answer 52

toward

Question 53

What are leads V1 and V2 called?

Answer 53

the "right" chest leads

Question 54

Why are V1 and V2 called the "right" chest leads?

Answer 54

because they are oriented over the right side of the heart

Question 55

What are leads V5 and V6 called?

Answer 55

left chest leads

Question 56

Why are leads V5 and V6 called "left" chest leads?

Answer 56

Because they are oriented over the left side of the heart

Question 57

Where are leads V3 and V4 oriented over?

Answer 57

the area of the interventricular septum

Question 58

What courses through the interventricular septum?

Answer 58

The Right and Left Bundle Branches

Question 59

An EKG recorded from trunk electrodes can record the same information as what?

Answer 59

Ankly or wrist electrode for a given limb lead

Question 60

Where are the electrode locations for trunk electrodes?

Answer 60

shoulders and abdomen