EKG/Dysrhythmias Flashcards
Myocardial cell properties
automaticity
excitability
conductivity
contractility
sinus tachycardia (ST)
HR > 100
s/s: watch for hypovolemia and dehydration
tx: treat underlying cause, beta blockers
sinus bradycardia (SB)
HR less than 60
s/s: syncope, dizziness,weakness, confusion, hypotension, sweating, SOB, chest pain
tx: external pacing, atropine
premature atrial complex (PACs)
have a little extra beat coming from atria before sinus impulse
- causes: stress, fatigue, anxiety, infx, alch, some meds, MI, electrolyte imbalance
- s/s: asymptomatic
- tx: treat underlying cause
atrial fibrillation (afib)
- most common dysrhythmia
- upper and lower heart not coordinated, causes irregular heartbeat
- atrial rate up to 350-600 times/min quivering
- no p wave, no atrial contractions
- irregular rhythm
- biggest concern is clot going up to brain
atrial flutter
no P wave, sawtooth pattern
regular rate
similar assessment and tx to afib
supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
tachycardia originating above the ventricle
QT interval
beginning of Q wave to end of T wave
total time for ventricular depolarization and repolarization
<500ms
sinus arrhythmia
slightly irregular due to inspiration and expiration; normal variant
atrial irritability
about 70-80% of blood goes from atria to ventricle as a result of passive filling
afib risk factors
HTN, ischemic stroke, TIA, CAD, DM, heart failure, obesity, ckd, etc.
paroxysmal afib
comes and goes, less than a week
persistent afib
lasting more than a week, may or may not end on its own
tx afib
- prevent thromboembolic events (stroke)
- control ventricular response (rate)
- restoration of sinus rhythm
CHA2DS2VASc score
used to determine whether we use anticoagulants in patients with afib to prevent stroke
