EKG final

Question 1

Maximal Heart Rate:

Answer 1

the fastest heart rate possible under normal maximal exercises conditions

Question 2

maximal Heart Rate formula

Answer 2

(220-age= MHR)

Question 3

Resting Heart Rate

Answer 3

the number of contractions of the heart rate of the heart in a single minute when the body is at complete rest.

varies depending on age, gender, and general health

Question 4

Target Heart Rate:

Answer 4

a specific age-based pulse rate that is to be maintained during aerobic exercise to ensure optimal CV function

Question 5

Target Heart Rate Zone

Answer 5

the numerical range where you want the heart to beat during exercise for optimal aerobic capacity

Question 6

what happens when you train above target Heart zone?

Answer 6

forces body to burn calories anaerobically, inefficiently, and dangerously

Question 7

50%-60%

Answer 7

Beginner or low level:

Question 8

60%-70%

Answer 8

Average fitness level:

Question 9

75%-85%

Answer 9

High fitness level:

Question 10

Karvonen Formula:

Answer 10

(MHR - RHR) x Intensity) + RHR = Target Heart Rate

Question 11

how much exercise should adults to a week?

Answer 11

150 mins/week of moderate intensity aerobic activity or 75 mins/week of vigorous aerobic activity, or combine both
and do moderate-high intensity muscle-strengtheneing activity atleast 2 days

Question 12

Kids from 6-17 years old exercise

Answer 12

at least 60 mins/day of moderate to vigorous intensity of exercise
3 days a week vigorous
3 days a week muscle-bond strengthening

Question 13

how does exercise affect systolic BP?

Answer 13

it increases

Question 14

how is diastolic blood pressure affected by exercise?

Answer 14

minimal changes lesson then 10mmHg

Question 15

how does exercises affect heart rate?

Answer 15

increases linearly with increased exercise intensity, eventually plateaus

Question 16

How long does it take for one’s heart rate to go down within 20bpm and 20mmHg

Answer 16

5 minutes

Question 17

Orthostatic Hypotension

Answer 17

decrease in systolic BP of 20 mmHg or a decrease in diastolic BP of 10 mmHg within 3 mins of standing compared to the BP when sitting or supine

Question 18

what is orthostatic hypotension caused by?

Answer 18

dehydration, blood loss, anemia, medications (beta-blockers, high BP meds, viagra

Question 19

symptoms of orthostatic hypotension

Answer 19

Lightheaded or dizzy after standing
Blurry vision
Weakness
Syncope (fainting)
Confusion
nausea

Question 20

Orthostatic Hypertension:

Answer 20

sudden and abrupt increase in BP when standing up. Rise in systolic BP of 20 mmHg or more when standing

Question 21

orthostatic Hypertension caused by

Answer 21

unclear, but thought to be a form of orthostatic intolerance (a result of various disorders of the ANS - chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, POTS)

Question 22

orthostatic Hypertension symptoms

Answer 22

Lightheaded or dizzy after standing
Blurry vision
Weakness
Syncope (fainting)
Confusion
nausea

Question 23

Stroke Volume

Answer 23

amount (volume) of blood pumped out by left ventricle during one contraction (not two or three or four….)
60-70ml/beat

Question 24

cardiac output

Answer 24

amount of blood heart pumps through circulatory system in one minute
3-5 liters/min

Question 25

why would there be an increased CO

Answer 25

if the body needs more blood

Question 26

Ejection Fraction

Answer 26

measurement of the percentage of blood leaving the heart after each contraction

Question 27

How much blood is pumped out of the left ventricle

Answer 27

2/3 of the blood contents

Question 28

7 objectives for graded exercises testing

Answer 28

Diagnostic testing To establish a degree of risk for each exercise To evaluate vital responses to conditioning ( HR, BP, EKG, and RPE) To determine the patient’s overall cardiovascular condition and functional capacity To establish appropriate intensities for personalized exercise prescription and disability assessments To increase individual motivation for entering and adhering to exercise programs

Question 29

Standard Bruce Protocol:

Answer 29

Most popular treadmill protocol

Question 30

How long should the optimum testing protocol last?

Answer 30

6 to 12 minutes

Question 31

What would you do if the patient can not use the treadmill or bicycle for a stress test?

Answer 31

You would use adenosine for a pharmacological stress test

Question 32

What would you expect to see during a stress test regarding HR, BP, respiratory rate?

Answer 32

Increased in all mentioned

Question 33

what rhythm would you normally expect to see?(but not limited to)

Answer 33

Sinus Tachycardia

Question 34

Can the stress test show you where the blockage is?

Answer 34

Only in which artery but not where

Question 35

What would be categorized as poor prognosis?

Answer 35

Failure to complete stage 2 Failure to get heart rate to 120 bpm off meds Arrhythmia ST segment depression & elevation

Question 36

Advantages of standard Bruce protocol

Answer 36

Standardized nationwide; most commonly used Very time efficient Can easily measure MET levels; overall functional capacity Provides the best potential for ST segment change and angina Has been used in many published studies, with existing data

Question 37

disadvatanges to standard Bruce protocol

Answer 37

Some patients are forced to stop early bc of musculoskeletal difficulties The 4th stage is a run or walk results in different oxygen costs Large increments of work loads make the estimation of Vo2 max less accurate

Question 38

7 parts to informed consent

Answer 38

1) Purpose and explanation Beginning intensity, stages, duration, total test time, etc. 2)Benefits of the test Results may assist in the diagnosis of illnesses or disease 3)The risks involved All complications with these test & every effort is to minimize risks 4)Responsibilities of the patient To report unusual signs and symptoms 5)Allow time for questions and answers 6)Information from the test in confidential 7)Obtain a signature (voluntary)

Question 39

What are patient responsibilities for stress testing?

Answer 39

no food, alcohol, or caffeine at least 3 hours before test Avoid any significant exertion or exercises for at least 12 hours before test Proper attires Discontinue medications Bring a current list of medications

Question 40

MET

Answer 40

the amount of oxygen consumed while sitting at rest and is equal to 3.5 ml O2 per kg body weight x minute

Question 41

the electrical pathway

Answer 41

1. SA nodes sends out a signal 2. The electrical signal follows the internodal pathway 3. Signal reaches AV node and the signal pauses 4. signal passes through HIS purkinje system, Bundle of His, Bundle Branches, and Purkinje Fibers

Question 42

Stage 1 speed and intensity

Answer 42

1.7 10%

Question 43

Stage 2 Speed & Intensity

Answer 43

2.5 12%

Question 44

Stage 3 Speed & Intensity

Answer 44

3.4 14%