EKG FInal Possible Questions Flashcards
(160 cards)
1
Q
Pulse Points found in Neck?
A
Carotid
2
Q
Pulse Points found in Chest
A
Apical
3
Q
Pulse Points found in Arm
A
Brachial
4
Q
Pulse Points found in Wrist
A
Radial
5
Q
Pulse Points found in Inguinal
A
Femoral
6
Q
Pulse Points found behind the knee
A
Popliteal
7
Q
Pulse Points found behind ankle
A
Posterior tibial (Tibialis posterior)
8
Q
Pulse Points found on tip of Foot
A
Dorsalis Pedis
9
Q
What is the pacemaker of the heart?
A
SA node
10
Q
Where is the SA node located?
A
Right Atrium
11
Q
Outer layer that covers the heart?
A
Pericardium
12
Q
Muscle layer of the heart?
A
Myocardium
13
Q
Inner layer of the heart?
A
Endocardium
14
Q
Blood flow through the heart
* Left atrium
* pulmonary veins
* tricuspid valve
* Right ventricle
A
- Tricuspid valve
- Right ventricle
- pulmonary veins
- Left Atrium
15
Q
Blood flow through the heart
* Mitral valve
* Pulmonary arteries
* Right atrium
* Pulmonary veins
A
- Right Atrium
- Pulmonary arteries
- Pulmonary veins
- Mitral Valve
16
Q
Blood flow through the heart
* Aortic valve
* Pulmonary valve
* Superior vena cava
* Pulmonary Trunk
* Left ventricle
A
- Superior vena cava
- Pulmonary Valve
- Pulmonary Trunk
- Left ventricle
- Aortic Valve
17
Q
Which are the pulmonary circluation in blood flow?
A
- Pulmonary valve
- pulmonary trunk
- Pulmonary Arteries
- Lungs
- Pulmonary veins
18
Q
Which are the systemic circulation in blood flow?
A
- Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
- Right Atrium
- Tricuspid valve
- Right ventricle
- Left Atrium
- Bicuspid/Mitral valve
- Left Ventricle
- Aortic valve
- Aorta
19
Q
What is the normal rate of the SA node?
A
60-100 bpm
20
Q
What is the normal rate of AV node?
A
40-60 bpm
21
Q
What is the normal rate of the Bundle branches?
A
20-40 bpm
22
Q
What is the normnal rate of the Purkinje Fibers?
A
20- 40bpm
23
Q
What is the normal rate of Heart muscle cells?
A
Less than 20 bpm
24
Q
Location of V1?
A
4th ICS, right of sternum
25
Location of V2?
4th ICS, left of sternum
26
Location of V3
Between V2 and V4
27
Location of V4
5th ICS, midclavicular line (MCL)
28
Location of V5
5th ICS, anterior axillary line (AAL)
29
Location of V6
5th ICS, midaxillary line (MAL)
30
Lead I
RA -->LA
31
Lead II
RA-->LL
32
Lead III
LA-->LL
33
What are the anchor points for Eindhoven's Triange?
* RA
* LA
* LL
34
What are the precordial leads?
Chest leads
V1- V6
35
What are the Augmented (unipolar) leads?
Start from the heart to
RA, LA, LL
* RA=aVR
* LA=aVL
* LL=aVF
36
What are the Bipolar leads (standard leads)?
Lead I : RA-->LA
Lead 2: RA--> LL
Lead 3: LA--LL
37
What is the heart rate for Normal Sinus Rhythm?
60-100 bpm
38
What is the heart rate for Sinus Bradycardia?
Less than 60 bpm
39
What is the heart rate for Sinus Tachycardia?
100-150 bpm
40
What is the normal PR interval?
0.12-0.20 seconds
41
What is the normal QRS duration?
0.06-0.10 seconds
42
What is the heart rate for Premature Atrial complex (PAC)?
60-100 bpm
43
What is the heart rate for Wandering Atrial Pacemaker (WAP)?
## Footnote
What classifies for a WAP?
60-100 bpm
## Footnote
3 or more different P waves
44
What is the heart rate for Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia?
101-150 bpm
45
What is the heart rate for Atrial flutter?
250-350 bpm
46
What is the heart rate for Atrial Fibrillation?
375-700 bpm
47
What is the heart rate for Premature Junctional complex (PJC)?
## Footnote
If PJC occurs more than 4-6 times/min, what might happen?
Depends on underlying rhythm
## Footnote
Hypotension may occur (and maybe V Tach)
48
What is the heart rate for Junctional Escape Rhythm?
40-60 bpm
49
What is the heart rate for Accelerated Junctional Rhythm?
60-100 bpm
50
What is the heart rate for Junctional Tachycardia
100-180 bpm
51
What is the heart rate for Supraventricular Tachycardia
150-250 bpm
52
Which heart block is this? Why?
First Degree Heart Block
| Long and ***consistent*** PR interval
53
Which heart block is this? Why?
Third Degree Heart Block
| Chaotic strip: Missing QRS, ***inconsistent*** PR Intervals
54
Which heart block is this? Why?
2nd Degree Heart Block
(Mobitz 1 or Wenchebach)
| Longer, longer, longer drop PR interval
55
Which heart block is this? Why?
2nd Degree Heart Block
(Mobitz 2)
| Long ***Consistent*** PR intervals, QRS missing
56
What is a ventricular dysrhythmia?
When the heart current is initiated within the purkinje fibers, unable to travel the normal conduction pathway.
57
How to spot a Ventricular Dysrhythmia
QRS duration measurement is 0.12 or greater (wide and bizarre complex)
58
What is a Premature Ventricular Complex (PVC)?
An ectopic impulse that occurs early in the cycle and originates from the ventricles
59
What is a Unifocal PVC?
All complexes have a similar shape, only one irritable focus present
60
What is a multifocal PVC?
Varied shapes and forms, more than one irritable focus
61
What is Bigeminy?
Every other complex is a PVC
62
What is a Trigeminy?
Every third complex is a PVC
63
What is a Quadgeminy?
Every fourth complex is a PVC
64
What is Coupling PVC?
Two PVCs that occur back to back
65
Which rhythm strip is this?
## Footnote
When does this occur?
Agonal Rhythm
## Footnote
When all pacemakers in the heart have failed. Heart is dying.
66
Which rhythm strip is this?
## Footnote
When does this occur?
Idioventricular Rhythm
## Footnote
When SA and junctional pacemakers fail to initiate an impulse all that remains is the slow ventricular pacemaker (20-40 bpm)
67
What rhythm strip is this?
## Footnote
When does this occur?
Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm
## Footnote
When SA and junctional pacemakers fail to initate w/ **wide** QRS complex
68
What rhythm strip is this?
## Footnote
When does this occur?
Ventricular Tachycardia
## Footnote
When 3 or more PVCs occur in a row and rate is 100 bpm
69
What rhythm strip is this?
## Footnote
When does this occur?
Torsade de Pointes
## Footnote
Result of electrolyte deficiencies
70
What is the difference between ventricular tachycardia and Torsade de Pointes?
The morphology of the ventricular depolarization.
V tach= consistent
Torsade de Pointes= changing voltages
71
What rhythm strip is this?
## Footnote
When does this occur?
Ventricular Fibrillation
## Footnote
When isolated portions of the ventricles depolarize causing quivering randomly instead of fully contracting
72
How to identify a BBB?
The underlying rhythm has a P wave and QRS complex is 0.12 seconds or greater
73
What is RBBB?
**Right Bundle Branch Block**
When block occurs in right bundle branch and the current has to travel down the left bundle branch to activate the ventricles
| Positive deflection
74
RBBB is referred to as?
Bunny ears
75
What is LBBB?
When the left conduction pathway is blocked and the current has to travel down the right bundle branch to cause the right ventricle, septum, and then left ventricle to depolarize.
| Negative deflection
76
Which Bundle Branch Block is this?
Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB)
77
Which Bundle Branch Block is this?
Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB)
78
semi / hemi
half
79
uni / mono
one
80
bi / di
two
81
tri
three
82
quad
four
83
Na
sodium
84
K
potassium
85
Au
Gold
86
Ag
Silver
87
c/o
complains of
88
CC
chief complaint
89
Hx
history
90
Tx
treatment
91
Dx
diagnosis/ diagnoses
92
Rx
Prescriptions
93
H & P
History & Physical
94
NKA
No known allergies
95
NKDA
No know drug allergies
96
QD
everyday
97
BID
twice a day, 2x day
98
TID
Thrice a day, 3x day
99
QID
4x day
100
hs
hours of sleep / bedtime
101
ac
antecibum/ before meals
102
pc
postcibum / after meals
103
PO
by mouth
104
NPO
nothing by mouth
105
PR
per rectum
106
PRN
as needed
107
STAT
now/ immediately
108
peri
around
109
para
nearby / beside
110
extra
beyond / in addition
111
hyper
high / excessive / above
112
hypo / sub
under / low / below / inside / deficient
113
intra
within / inner / inside
114
Inter
between
115
trans
across
116
Erythro
red
117
leuko
white
118
cyano
blue
119
melano
black
120
chloro
green
121
xantho
yellow
122
crani/o
head
123
cervic/o
neck
124
ophthalmo
eye
125
oto
ear
126
naso/rhino
nose
127
bucco
cheek
128
thoraco
chest
129
mammo
breast
130
brachio
arm
131
carpo
wrist
132
digital
finger(s)
133
gastro
stomach
134
entero
intestine
135
hepato
liver
136
popiteal
behind the knee
137
Lano**xin**, Digo**xin** (xin)
cardiac glycoside/inotropic
138
Verapamil
Calcium channel blockers
139
Aten**olol**
Beta Blockers
140
Enalapr**il**
ACE Inhibitors
141
Warfarin
Antiplatelet/ Thrombolytic
| Blood thinners
142
Metaformin
Antihyperglycemic
143
Atorva**statin** (statin)
Antihyperlipidemic/ cholesterol lowering drug
144
Penicillin
antibiotic
145
Albuterol
beta agonist/bronchodilator
| forces muscle spasms to relax
146
Prednisone
anti-inflammatory
147
Senekot
laxative
148
Symptoms of Right-sided CHF
* JVD- jugular vein distension
* Enlarged liver
* Ascites
* Pedal edema
149
Symptoms of Left-sided CHF
* Rales / Crackles
* Dyspnea / Shortness of Breath
* Cyanotic
* Pallor (pale)
150
Symptoms of Ventricular Fibrillations
* No pulse/ pulseless
* Apnea/ apneic
* Unresponsive
151
Symptoms of Low Cardiac Output
* Cyanotic/pale
* Lethargic (sluggish)
* Fatigue
* Hypotension/ Low bp
* Dizziness
152
What is CABG?
What does it do?
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
-Take vessel to bypass a blockage in the coronary artery
153
Paper speed
25 mm/sec
154
Gain
10 mm/mV
155
OPQRST Mnemonic **"O"**
Onset
156
OPQRST Mnemonic **"P"**
Provoke or Palliate
157
OPQRST Mnemonic **"Q"**
Quality
158
OPQRST Mnemonic **"R"**
Radiation/ region
159
OPQRST Mnemonic **"S"**
Severity/scale
160
OPQRST Mnemonic **"T"**
Time
