Ekg Module 1

Question 1

what is excitability

Answer 1

ability to respond to electrical impulses

Question 2

what is automaticity

Answer 2

ability to generate action potentials upontaneously

Question 3

what are myocardial contractile cells

Answer 3

responsible for muscular contractions of the heart

Question 4

what are myocardial conducting cells

Answer 4

1% of cells in the heart

capable of generating elctricle electrical impulses

conduct impulses very rapidly

Question 5

where is sa node located

Answer 5

located in right atrium

Question 6

what is the role of the sa node

Answer 6

generate impulse which triggers depolarization to atria from the right to the left

Question 7

how to calculate heart rate in a 10 sec strip

Answer 7

number of qrs complexes times 6

Question 8

how to calculate heart rate in a 6 second strip

Answer 8

number of qrs complexes times 10

Question 9

atrial depolarization is the __ wave

Answer 9

P

Question 10

ventricle depolarization is the ___ complex

Answer 10

qrs

Question 11

prolonged PR interval is greater than __ sec

Answer 11

.2

Question 12

what is j point

Answer 12

end of qrs complex and initial start of st

Question 13

qt segment should be less than ___ the preceding r-r interval

Answer 13

50%

Question 14

shortened pr is less than ___

Answer 14

.12

Question 15

pr interval measures impulse from ____ myocardium to the _____ myocardium

Answer 15

atrial

ventricle

Question 16

narrow qrs is ____ small boxes

Answer 16

<3

Question 17

wide qrs is ___ small boxes

Answer 17

> 3

Question 18

t wave should be upright exept in

Answer 18

avr

Question 19

t wave should appear how

Answer 19

slow upstrokes

not biphasic, or tall peaked, which could be hyperkalemai

Question 20

widened qrs is greater than __ small boxes and can indicate what??

Answer 20

3

left ventricular enlargement and right or left bundle branch

Question 21

ANS has ___ divisions

Answer 21

two

Question 22

the __________ regulates functions of all organs

Answer 22

autonomic nervous system

Question 23

the ANS consists of a _______ and a ________ system

Answer 23

sympathetic, and a parasympathetic

Question 24

the terminal ends of sympathetic nerves secrete _____ which activte specific ______ receptors

Answer 24

norepinephrine

adrenergic

Question 25

the terminal parasympathetic nerves secrete ______ which exclusively activated cell receptors called _____ receptors

Answer 25

acetylcholine cholinergic

Question 26

norepinephrine stimulate ___ receptor, which stimulates SA node to ____ faster

Answer 26

pace

Question 27

epinephrine is a _______ stimulator of b1 receptor

Answer 27

more potent, than norepinephrine

Question 28

parasympathetic system activates _____ receptors

Answer 28

cholinergic

Question 29

parasympathetic activation inhibits SA node, therby decreasing the hearts ____

Answer 29

rate

Question 30

severe pain or seeing ones own blood, often initiates parasympathetic activity, slows SA node pacing, known as _____ cardia

Answer 30

Brady

Question 31

The _______ reflex, often occurs during devastating injury, causing pain or bleeding which ____ the brains blood supply to the point of syncope

Answer 31

merciful reduces

Question 32

when a patient is getting blood drawn they may lose consciousness, upon seeing their pwn blood which is a normal _____ reflex

Answer 32

parasympathetic

Question 33

gastrointenstinal stimulation (gag reflex) or carotid sinus massage produces a ______ response

Answer 33

parasympathetic

Question 34

induced sympathatetic response (carotid sinus massage) may slow ___ conduction

Answer 34

AV node

Question 35

the body has pressure receptors, that detect low blood pressure which initiate a ____ response by ____ ______

Answer 35

sympathetic response, constricting arteries increasing heart rate

Question 36

_______ is an abrupt fall in blood pressure upon standing due to failure of these compensatory mechanism (blood pressure receptos do not detect soon enough)

Answer 36

orthostatic hypotension

Question 37

in elderly, orthostatic hypotension occurs, due to ______ response, ______ fails transient tachycardia, with poor cardiac volume bradycardia, and hypotension, leads to syncope

Answer 37

paradoxical parasympathetic reflex. vasoconstriction

Question 38

_____ test confirms neuro cardiogenic syncope

Answer 38

head up tilt

Question 39

when reading an ekg, you want to first determine the _____

Answer 39

rate

Question 40

heart rate is determined by the number of _____ per minute

Answer 40

cycles

Question 41

the __ node is the hearts pacemaker and dominant center of _____

Answer 41

SA node automaticity

Question 42

SA node generates a series of regular pacemaker stimuli, this is called _____

Answer 42

automaticity

Question 43

sinus rhythm is maintained from __ to ___ bpm

Answer 43

60-100

Question 44

slower than 60 bpm is termed

Answer 44

bradycardia

Question 45

normal regular rhythm is termed _____

Answer 45

sinus rhythm

Question 46

greater than 100 beats per minute is termed

Answer 46

tachycardia

Question 47

exercise produces sympathetic stimulation, this is the most common cause of sinus ______

Answer 47

tachycardia

Question 48

if normal SA node pacemaking fails, then other pacemakers known as ________ have the ability to pace.

Answer 48

automaticity foci

Question 49

automaticity foci are located in the ___, _____, and in the ______

Answer 49

atria, ventricles, and av junction

Question 50

at each level, the automaticity foci has a _______ at which it paces

Answer 50

inherit rate

Question 51

atria automaticity focus is from ___ to ____ bpm

Answer 51

60-80

Question 52

AV junction rate is from __ to ___ bpm

Answer 52

40-60

Question 53

ventricles automaticity foci rate is from ___ to ____ bpm

Answer 53

20-40

Question 54

SA node suppresses inherit pacemaker activity, of all automaticity ___ below it, provides SA node of not having to compete

Answer 54

foci

Question 55

overdrive suppression is th hearts ____ pacemaking mechenism

Answer 55

failsafe, providing backup pacing,

Question 56

automaticity foci, provide __ levels of backup pacing

Answer 56

3

Question 57

if the SA node pacing fails, then atrial automaticity focus can assume active pacemaking (most similar rate to normal SA node) from ______ bpm

Answer 57

60-80

Question 58

without SA node pacing _____ automaticity focus occurs

Answer 58

atrial

Question 59

if absense of pacing progresses down from the atria ______ foci will take place, which has an inherit rate of ___ to __-

Answer 59

junctional. 40-60 bpm