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Clin Med Cardio Exam 1 > EKGs > Flashcards

EKGs Flashcards

1
Q

If one cell depolarizes, what happens?

A

They all depolarize!

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2
Q

What are you reading on an EKG?

A

Movement of an electrical current i.e. the depolarization (NOT the electric current itself)

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3
Q

Depolarization in the heart is always followed by?

A

Mechanical contraction

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4
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of a wave?

A

Duration, amplitude, configuration

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5
Q

The distance across one small square represents ___ seconds. The distance across one large square is ___ seconds.

A
  1. 04s

0. 2s

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6
Q

What is the x axis on an EKG and what is the y axis?

A

X axis = time

Y axis = voltage

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7
Q

The vertical axis measures voltage. The distance (top to bottom) of one small square represents ___. The distance (top to bottom) of one large square is ___

A
  1. 1mV

0. 5mV

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8
Q

The spread of depolarization through the atrial myocardium from start to finish

A

P wave

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9
Q

The P-wave can be divided in half, what do the two sides represent?

A

Depolarization of R atria

Depolarization of L atria

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10
Q

Gate to the interventricular septum and purkinje fibers – slows conduction to a crawl

A

AV node

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11
Q

How long does it take for a current to pass through the AV node?

A

1/10s

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the AV node?

A

To let the atria finish contracting before the ventricles contract

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13
Q

What makes up the conducting system and how long does it take a current to pass through here?

A

Bundle of his
Bundle branches
Perkinje fibers

1/10s

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14
Q

What is the difference between the left bundle branch and the right?

A

Left has septal fascicle, anterior fascicle, and posterior fascicle

Right does not

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15
Q

Depolarizes interventricular septum

A

Septal fascicle

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16
Q

Runs along anterior wall of left ventricle

A

Anterior fascicle

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17
Q

Sweeps over the posterior wall of the left ventricle

A

Posterior fascicle

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18
Q

What wave represents ventricular myocardial depolarization causing ventricular contraction

A

QRS

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19
Q

Depolarization goes from _____ to ____ tissue

A

Endocardial to epicardial

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20
Q

Repolarization goes from ____ to ____ tissue

A

Epicardial to endocardial

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21
Q

First downward deflection

A

Q wave

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22
Q

Upward deflection after Q wave

A

R wave

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23
Q

Second upward deflection after Q wave

A

R-prime

24
Q

First downward deflection following an upward deflection

A

S wave

25
Q

If the first wave of the complex isa n R wave, the ensuing downward deflection will be?

A

S wave!

S wave is the first downward deflection following an upward deflection

26
Q

Which wave represents ventricular repolarization?

A

T wave

27
Q

Straight line connecting two waves

A

Segment

28
Q

One wave plus the connecting straight line

A

Interval

29
Q

P wave and straight line connecting it to the QRS complex

A

PR interval

30
Q

Straight line running from the end of the P wave to the start of the QRS complex (This is the time from end of atrial depolarization to the start of ventricular depolarization)

A

PR segment

31
Q

Straight line connecting the end of the QRS complex with the beginning of the T wave (Time from end of ventricular depolarization to the start of ventricular depolarization)

A

ST segment

32
Q

QRS complex, ST segment, T wave (Time from beginning of ventricular depolarization to end of ventricular repolarization)

A

QT interval

33
Q

Duration of QRS complex alone without any connecting segments (measures duration of ventricular depolarization)

A

QRS interval

34
Q

A wave of depolarization moving TOWARD a positive electrode causes a _____ deflection on the EKG

A

Positive

35
Q

A wave of depolarization moving AWAY from a positive electrode causes a ____ deflection

A

Negative

36
Q

A wave of depolarization PERPENDICULAR to a positive electrode causes a _____

A

Biphasic wave

37
Q

A wave of repolarization moving AWAY from a positive electrode causes a _____ deflection

A

positive

38
Q

A wave of repolarization moving TOWARD a positive electrode causes a _____ deflection

A

negative

39
Q

A wave of repolarization PERPENDICULAR to a positive electrode causes a _____

A

Biphasic wave

40
Q

Lead I makes the left arm ____ and the right arm ____ and has an angle of ____

A

Positive
Negative
0 degrees

41
Q

Lead II makes the legs _____ and right arm ____ and has an angle of ____

A

Positive
Negative
60 degrees

42
Q

Lead III makes the legs ____ and the left arm ____ and has an angle of

A

Positive
Negative
120 degrees

43
Q

Lead aVL is created by making the left arm ___ and the other limbs ___ and has an angle of orientation of ____

A

Positive
Negative
-30

44
Q

Lead aVR is created by making the right arm ____ and the other limbs ____ and has an angle of orientation of _____

A

Positive
Negative
-150

45
Q

Lead aVF is created by making the legs ____ and the other limbs ____. Its angle of orientation is _____

A

Positive
Negative
90

46
Q

Where is V1 placed?

A

4th ICS to the right of the sternum

47
Q

Where is V2 placed?

A

4th ICS to the left of the sternum

48
Q

Where is V3 placed?

A

between V2 and V4

49
Q

Where is V4 placed?

A

5th ICS and midclavicular line

50
Q

Where is V5 placed?

A

Between V4 and V6

51
Q

Where is V6 placed?

A

5th ICS in midaxillary line

52
Q

Which leads view the anterior portion of the heart?

A

V2, V3, V4

53
Q

Which leads most effectively view the inferior surface of the heart?

A

II, III, aVF (inferior leads)

54
Q

Which leads most effectively view the left lateral wall of the heart?

A

V5, V6, I and aVL (left lateral leads)

55
Q

Which leads are the right ventricular leads?

A

aVR, V1

Clin Med Cardio Exam 1 (3 decks)

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