El Señor Presidente Flashcards
Author
Miguel Ángel Asturias
The nature of political dictatorship
and the affect it has on society
Tohil
Mayan deity: Of fire, but also sun, and the god of rain. People would sacrifice to this god so that crops would grow & the harvest would be good. There are parallels between Tohil and the President.
Hallucinatory scene
hallucination of the president arriving in night vision as an indigenous rain god.
christianity and mayan belief systems
Christian imagery is universalised/ mayan belief systems are explored. The two are often layered over each other
Pattern of inversion of what is set out by religious beliefs in practice
A god/ president that asks for human sacrifice seems antithetical to christian values
Cara De Angel as sacrifice
One reading of the novel is that Cara De Angel ultimately becomes the sacrifice, so that the president can survive.
Presentation of the President
All powerful and God like, leader of a tyrannical regime.
Chapters 13 & 14
A series of national celebrations
Use of biblical language
Pray to god, singing hymns, language reflecting christian prayers, ‘Señor” instead of dios, “hijo de pueblo’ en vez de “hijo de dios”
The president as a deity
presented as an inverted god rather than a good or evil god. His actions are antithetical to the actions of God
The president is based on
Manuel Estrada Cabrera:
The president does not say much in the novel
and yet the whole story turns around his character. He manipulates every single character.
KEY THEMES
- Fear
- Anxiety
- Oppression
- Despair
- Desertion/ being abandoned/ abandonment
- Retaliation/ revenge/ seeking to regain what has been lost
- Escape
Another Important theme
Alienation at the hands of the state; separation from others and the destruction of relationships. (Reminiscent of marxist theory.)
Narrative perspective
Third person omniscient narrator
Lack of independent / free thought
No one is free physically or mentally because the president knows or discovers the thoughts, actions and feelings of each character
There is a general feeling of insecurity/ unease throughout the novel
The resignation of the characters to the decisions of the President (dictator) which leads to their degradation as people.
Rebellion
Is condemned to fail in the novel.
The explicit and deeply descriptive nature of the novel
transports the reader to the claustrophobic environment within the novel.
The world which the president governs is depicted as
An infernal world; a hell on earth.
Opening scene of the novel: sensory appeal
bells clanging, screeching, lightness shrinking, beggars cowering in the shade…
Nearly all of the action takes place in darkness.
People beg for light, the president wears all black, Cara De Angel wears grey.
Confusion of guilt and innocence.
Often the innocent are found guilty of things they have not committed; e.g. Cara de angel thinks that his wife is now the president’s lover but this is not true.
Men are threatened and hounded;
because their honesty and integrity represents a threat to the regime. Meanwhile the guilty are
Chapter 2:
At the police station; the beggars that witness the murder are tortured into confessing that they witnessed a false version of events.
Chapter 5:
Doctor Bareño: p.140; a large number of deaths have taken place because intravenous drugs were replaced with cheaper alternatives whilst the doctors pocket the difference. Rather than being rewarded for uncovering this bad practice; he is arrested for drawing light to this.
Men who are guilty of crimes / violence or who betray their loved ones
are rewarded with promotions or new jobs. This demonstrates the evil of capitalism.
The president is presented as a destructive character
whereas a God would usually be considered ‘constructive’
Woman is put in jail and separated from her new born baby which she can hear crying out of hunger.
She is prevented from feeding him and he starves to death. The woman goes crazy and wants to return the baby to the place of safety in her womb– the womb becomes a tomb.This is another example of inversion and subversion of human values.
Enforced separation
- a key reoccurrence– many families are separated
- They are not just separated in a physical sense, but the president is destroying all normal bonds and ties so that all that remains is allegiance to him.
- Friendships, families, relationships are progressively destroyed so that their alliegance to him is all that can benefit them.
Example of individuals betraying conventional familial bonds
When Camila is abandoned, Cara de Angel takes her to her uncle who refuses to acknowledge their relation to her. They don’t want to be associated with her or general Canales.
2nd Example of individuals betraying conventional bonds / this time a friendship
Major Farfán; he is betrayed by his lover la Mariana who is involved in a plot to poison him, organised by the president’s men. Cara de Angel tips him off and saves him. Farfan later betrays Cara de Angel and captures him at the end of the novel in another demonstration of the breaking down of bonds built on trust, friendship etc.
Spying and surveillance
key themes in the book and repeated throughout
Chapter 10: Description of Cara de Angel’s house
La concinera is spying on someone who is spying on someone else. Vicious cycle of spying and betrayal.
Choosing to spy for the president
means basic human ties and friendship are subordinated in favour of offering loyalty to the president