EL7 Flashcards
(26 cards)
How are cations and anions held together?
They are held in an electrostatic bond.
What charge does an OH ion have?
(OH)-
What charge does an ammonium ion have?
(NH4)+
What charge does a nitrate ion have?
(NO3)-
What charge does a hydrogen carbonate ion have?
(HCO3)-
What charge does an oxide ion have?
(O)2-
What charge does a carbonate ion have?
(CO3)2-
What charge does an sulfate ion have?
(SO4)2-
acid + alkali →
→ salt + water
acid + base →
→ salt + water
acid + carbonate →
→ salt + water + carbon dioxide
acid + metal →
→ salt + hydrogen
Which ionic compounds are insoluble?
- barium, calcium, lead and silver sulfates
- silver and lead halides
- all metal carbonates
- metal hydroxides (except group 1 and ammonium hydroxides)
Why can aqueous solutions of salts conduct electricity?
- Ionic substances are dissolved in water
- Ions are surrounded by water molecules and spread out.
- Once separated, ions behave independently.
What are spectator ions?
Ions that are not involved in a reaction.
What do ionic equations show?
The ions that take part in the reaction - excluding the spectator ions.
How do you test for copper ions?
- add sodium hydroxide
- copper hydroxide formed
- blue precipitate
How do you test for iron(II) ions?
- add sodium hydroxide
- iron(II) hydroxide formed
- dirty green precipitate
How do you test for iron(III) ions?
- add sodium hydroxide
- iron(III) hydroxide formed
- orange/brown precipitate
How do you test for lead(II) ions?
- add potassium iodide
- lead iodide formed
- bright yellow precipitate
How do you test for chloride ions?
- add silver nitrate
- silver chloride formed
- white precipitate
How do you test for bromide ions?
- add silver nitrate
- silver bromide formed
- cream precipitate
How do you test for iodide ions?
- add silver nitrate
- silver iodide formed
- pale yellow precipitate
How do you test for sulphate ions?
- add barium chloride
- barium sulfate formed
- white precipitate
