ELA Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
phonology
A
sounds of language
2
Q
semantics
A
meanings of words and phrases
3
Q
syntax
A
common basic structure (subject, verb, object)
4
Q
pragmatics
A
rules for effective communication
5
Q
phonological awareness
A
notice and think about sounds
6
Q
phonemic awareness
A
recognize the sound of spoken language, notice and manipulate sounds in spoken language
7
Q
graphophonemic
A
knowledge of specific relationships between graphemes and phonemes (letters and sounds)
8
Q
structural analysis
A
identification of morphemes (smallest units of MEANING in a word)
9
Q
morpheme
A
smallest unit of MEANING in a word
10
Q
phonemes
A
smalles SOUNDS in a spoken word, basic units of SOUND
11
Q
metacognitive
A
thinking about thinking
12
Q
pre-communicative writing
A
understands function of writing, but cannot make forms
13
Q
morphology
A
rules for combining sounds into meaningful units
14
Q
pre alphabetic
A
aware of relationships between sounds and letters (graphemes - letters and sounds they represent)
15
Q
early alphabetic
A
blending single sounds into words
16
Q
mature alphabetic
A
know and decipher simple words
17
Q
orthography
A
nature and use of written symbols in language
18
Q
tone
A
emotional expression, author’s explicit and implicit interpretations
19
Q
style
A
distinctive manner of expression (phonemic word choices, syntactic-length and structure of sentences)
20
Q
phonological development
A
babies hear phonemic distinctions
21
Q
semantic development
A
holophrase=1 word for a complete thought “Milk”= I want some milk.
22
Q
PPVT Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test
A
formal assessment - oral language development
23
Q
TOLD Test of Oral Language Development
A
formal assessment - oral language development
24
Q
dialogic reading
A
conversations about a story between teacher and students
25
metalinguistic knowledge
reflect and evaluate language
26
onset
consonant(s) at beginning of syllable
27
rime
vowels and consonants that follow the initial sound at the beginning of a syllable
28
phonemic awareness
one aspect of phonological awareness, rhyming, alliteration, blending
29
blending
combination of individual sounds
30
segmentation
division of words into sounds
31
TPRI Texas Primary Reading Inventory
K-2, phonemic awareness, listening comprehension, reading
32
TORF Test of REading Fluency
older students, reading fluency, accuracy
33
GORT-3 Gray Oral Reading Test-3
passages of increasing length and difficulty
34
Elkonin box
word box 1 sound per box, not one letter per box
35
alphabetic principle
consistent relationships between sounds and letters
36
grapheme
letter or letters that represent a phoneme (sound)
37
phonics
a method for teaching
38
emergent literacy
children's beliefs & experiences with reading and writing prior to formal instruction (oral & written)
39
conventional literacy
reading and writing taught in school
40
print awareness
left to right orientation, print conveys meaning, etc.
41
environmental print
words in names and slogans M for McDonalds
42
invented spelling
developmental/phonetic spelling
43
choral reading
students/class reads aloud
44
guided reading
teacher explains purpose
45
word analysis
any strategy to help recognition of written words
46
sight words
instantly recognized without analysis
47
decoding
recognition of how written words sound
48
phonic analysis
identify sounds and blend sounds
49
diphthong
pair of adjacent vowels both heard "oy" in "toy"
50
consonant blends
pairs of adjacent consonants both heard "br" in "break"
51
digraphs
adjacent vowels or consonants hear as a single sound "ch" in "cherry"
52
prosody
pitch, ouldness, tempo, rhythm of language
53
intonation
patterns of pitch that contribute to meaning
54
Pre-reading stage
alphabetic and graphophonemic knowledge, but only know sight words
55
Decoding stage
decode individual words 1st and 2nd grades
56
Fluency stage
3rd grade and higher
57
Read to Learn stage
end of elementary
58
literal comprehension
explicitly stated in passage
59
inferential comprehension
not explicit, but implied in passage
60
anaphora
use of one word or phrase in place of another that has been previously used (pronouns)
61
cause-effect
inferential comprehension
62
evaluative comprehension
critical thinking, identify contradictions, judge accuracy, fact opinion
63
narrative
story or sequence of events
64
expository
information
65
QAR Questions Answer Relationship
1. right there 2. think and search 3. author & you 4. on your own
66
story map
semantice map, semantic web, story web
67
DRA directed reading activity
teacher directed
68
DR-TA directed reading-thinking activity
student guided
69
content literacy
use texts as source of info on given topic
70
SQ3R
survey, question, read, recite, review
71
SQ3R survey
title headings, graphics
72
SQ3R question
formulate list of questions
73
SQ3R read
read for answers
74
SQ3R recite
state answers
75
SQ3R review
verify and correct answers
76
picture graph
shows quantities of items
77
bar graph
compare
78
line graph
show change over time
79
circle graph
pie chart - parts of a whole
80
text organizers
table of contents, glossary, headings, etc.
81
spelling pre communicative
scribbles, mock letters
82
spelling pre phonemic
letters represent sounds & words (invented or phonemic spelling)
83
spelling phonemic
represent all basic sounds but many spelling mistakes
84
spelling transitional
proportion of correct spellings increase, know some spelling patterns
85
spelling conventional
fluency
86
repeated reading
reread short passages, decoding becomes more automatic - fluency
87
ORL oral recitation lessons
repeated reading exercises , interactions between teacher and students - fluency
88
partner reading
paired reading-fluency
89
familiar texts
fluency strategy
90
self-correction & feedback
fluency strategy
91
schemata
clusters of ideas about objects
92
story schema
set of expectations about the internal structure of stories
93
story grammar
elements & rules of elements
94
holistic scoring
overall impression of the writing
95
primary trait scoring
evaluate a specific characteristic of writing
96
analytic scoring
compare student writing to a standard (other students of the same age)
97
error analysis
identify specific weaknesses in student writing
98
stages of writing process
prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, sharing
99
linear medium
film - user does not control sequence
100
non-linear medium
website with hot links - user does control sequence
101
Print media
magazines, newspapers, paper
102
visual media
photographs, film
103
electronic media
TV, radio, computers
104
computer-based media
CD-Rom, DVD
105
streaming media
radio/TV, video clips on websites
106
podcast
audio or video file that can be downloaded and viewed
107
hypermedia
hyperlinks to text, audio, and video
108
wiki
collaborative web site
109
blog
web log
110
social network
Facebook, Twitter
111
simulated journal
student writes from historical character's perspective
112
dialogue journal
written conversation between students or teacher/student
113
norm referenced test
measure student performance compared to other students
114
criterion referenced test
measures how well a student meets set standards or expectations
115
Informal Reading Inventory
accuracy of pronounciation in oral reading plus comprehension questions over oral and silent reading
116
Reading Miscue Inventory
identify difficulties and strategies used by student
117
running record
written account of changes in specific behavior over time
118
Independent Reading Level
95% pronounciation 90% comprehension questions
119
Instructional Readling Level
90-94% pronounciation 70-89% comprehension questions
120
Frustration Reading Level
below 50% pronounciation and comprehension questions
121
Summative assessment
after completion, grades evaluative feedback
122
Formative assessment
prior to completion, allow students to revise and improve
123
writing assessment
anecdotally - observation, check lists - observation
124
portfolio
collection of materials that shows progress over time
