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MST > Elbow > Flashcards

Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

Humeroulnar responsible for?

A

15* carrying angle

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2
Q

Open pack Humeroulnar

A

70* flexion and 10* supination

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3
Q

Closed pack Humeroulnar

A

Max flexion

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4
Q

Humeroradial open pack

A

Extension and supination

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5
Q

Humeroradial closed pack

A

90* flexion and 5* supination

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6
Q

Radioulnar open pack

A

70* flexion and 35* supination

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7
Q

Radioulnar closed pack

A

5* supination

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8
Q

UCL stability against ____ forces between ______ & ______ degrees flexion

A

Valgus between 20-130 degrees

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9
Q

Anterior bundle of UCL stability at what angles of elbow flexion?

A

30, 60, 90 degrees

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10
Q

Posterior oblique bundle of UCL is taught when?

A

After 60* of flexion

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11
Q

Lateral ligament complex general function

A

Maintains stability of humeral joints when in supination

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12
Q

RCL function

A

Stabilizes varus forces from extension thru 90* flexion

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13
Q

Ulnar nerve tension test (ULTT 3 - 6 actions) & nerve roots

A

Shoulder girdle depression, shoulder abduction, shoulder external rotation, wrist and finger extension, elbow flexion, wrist pronation

C8-T1

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14
Q

Median nerve tension test (ULTT 1 - 7 actions) & nerve roots

A

C5-T1

Shoulder girdle depression, shoulder abduction, shoulder ER, supination, wrist and finger extension, elbow extension, cervical lateral flexion

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15
Q

Median nerve passes thru what muscle?

A

Pronator teres

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16
Q

Radial Nerve tension test (ULTT 2 - 7 actions) & nerve roots

A

C5-T1

Shoulder girdle depression, elbow extension, shoulder IR, pronation, wrist and finger flexion

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17
Q

Radial nerve branches into what 3 nerves?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve, deep and superficial branches of radial N.

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18
Q

What muscles originate at the common flexor tendon?

A

Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis

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19
Q

What muscles originate at the common extensor tendon?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor carp ulnaris
Extensor digiti minimi

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20
Q

How to test Brachialis

A

In pronation

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21
Q

How to test biceps

A

Supinated

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22
Q

Hope to test Brachioradialis

A

Neural hand/forearm position

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23
Q

Normal flexion ROM

A

140-150*

24
Q

Normal extension ROM

A

0*

25
Q

Normal supination ROM

A

85*

26
Q

Normal supination ROM

A

85*

27
Q

Normal supination ROM

A

85*

28
Q

Normal pronation ROM

A

75*

29
Q

Tests for lateral epicondylopathy

A

Cozen’s (forearm pronated, resisted radial deviation and wrist extension)

Mill’s (forearm pronated, passively move wrist into flexion and elbow into extension)

Maudsley (resisted extension of 3rd digit/middle finger)

30
Q

Medial epicondylopathy - aka

A

Golfer’s elbow

31
Q

lateral epicondylopathy - aka

A

Tennis elbow

32
Q

Medial epicondylopathy tests

A

Golfer’s elbow test - while palpating medial epicondyle, possibly move elbow, wrist, and fingers into full extension

**active test is resisting elbow and wrist flexion

33
Q

UCL/MCL sprain/tear is common in?

A

Overhead throwing athletes - esp. during late cocking phase/early throwing phase (shoulder abducted and moving into ext. rot creating VALGUS force)

34
Q

What band of UCL/MCL is typically injured?

A

Anterior band (strongest one?!)

35
Q

Special tests for UCL/MCL sprain

A

Valgus stress test - supinated forearm, elbow at 30*, apply Valgus force

Moving Valgus stress test - shoulder in 90* abduction, 100-120* elbow flexion, elbow quickly extended (fully)

36
Q

LCL complex sprain mechanism

A

Typically due to trauma and forceful varus

37
Q

Mechanism of injury for Olecranon bursitis

A

High repetition activities/overuse, direct trauma, or constant weight bearing through elbows

38
Q

Osteochrondritis dissecans capitellum description and MOI

A

Inflammatory condition causing fragmentation or necrosis of cartilage and bone of capitellum

Frequent compressive forces at radiohumeral joint

39
Q

Special tests for osteochrondritis dissecans capitellum

A

Valgus overload test - Valgus stress while moving into extension (no particular elbow flexion degree/ROM listed)

Radiohumeral compressive test - full ext of elbow. W/ pronation and supination compressive force

40
Q

Special tests for osteochrondritis dissecans capitellum

A

Valgus overload test - Valgus stress while moving elbow into extension (no specific range mentioned for elbow flexion)

Radiohumeral compressive test - full extension of elbow w/ pronation and supination compressive force

41
Q

What can cause median nerve neuropathy? (4 dx)

A

Anterior interosseous syndrome, Pronator teres syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome

Ligament of Struthers - runs from supracondylar process to head of Pronator teres, Median nerve passes underneath

42
Q

Median nerve compression can lead to the motor loss of what? (9)

A

1)Pronator teres,
2)flexor carpi radialis,
3)flexor digitorum superficialis,
4)flexor pollicis longus
5)Lateral half of flexor digitorum profundus
6)Pronator quadratus,
7)Palmaris longus
8)lateral 2 lumbricals
9)thenar eminence

43
Q

Sensory loss accompanied by medial nerve compression

A

Palmar aspect of lateral hand
Dorsal aspect of distal ring finger
Middle and index fingers

44
Q

Functional loss accompanied by medial nerve compression (7)

A

Pronation
Wrist flexion
Radial deviation
Opposition of thumb
Thumb adduction
Weak overall grip
No pinch grip

45
Q

Functional loss associated w/ medial nerve compression

A

Pronation
Radial deviation
Wrist flexion
Thumb adduction AND opposition
Weak overall grip
No pinch grip

46
Q

Anterior interosseous syndrome - signs/tests

A

OK sign - unable to flex distal phalanx of index and thumb

Sign of benediction - unable to flex 1st 3 digits

47
Q

(T/F) There is both sensory and motor loss w/ Anterior interosseous syndrome

A

False - only motor loss in:

flexor pollicis longus,
lateral half of flexor digitorum profundus,
Pronator quadratus,
thenar eminence,
lateral 2 lumbricals

48
Q

Pronator teres syndrome - how to differentiate from anterior interosseous syndrome

A

There IS sensory loss w/ Pronator teres syndrome

Also - forearm heaviness and potential weakness

49
Q

Pain production and one other test for Pronator teres syndrome

A

Resist:

Pronation, elbow flexion, and wrist flexion at the same time

Supination

Finger flexion

Handshake test - resisted pronation @ 90* of elbow flexion

50
Q

4 possible dx for Radial nerve neuropathy

A

High radial nerve palsy
Posterior interosseous syndrome
Radial tunnel syndrome
Superficial radial nerve palsy

51
Q

Potential motor loss w/ radial neuropathy (11)

A

Anconeous
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus + brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor pollicis longus + brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor indicis
Extensor digit minimi

52
Q

Motor loss associated with radial neuropathy

A

Extensor pollicis longus + brevis
Extensor indicis
Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis) and ulnaris
Extensor digitorum
Anconeous
Brachioradialis
Abductor pollicis longus and brevis
Extensor digiti minimi

53
Q

Radial nerve sensory distribution

A

Lateral 2/3 of dorsal hand (full length of thumb, up to head of proximal phalanx of digits 2 & 3)

54
Q

High radial nerve compression typically due to? Loss of?

A

Compression at lateral head of triceps due to humerus fx at spiral groove

Accompanied by loss of wrist and finger extension as well as potential weakness at triceps

55
Q

Posterior interosseous syndrome accompanied by what motor loss? (Think functional) What is spared and why? Pain?

A

Inability to extend digits at MCP and IP, loss of abduction at thumb

Wrist extension spared due to innervation of ECRL and ECRB before entrance to radial tunnel

Lateral elbow pain w/ resisted pronation and supination

MST (8 decks)

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