elbow

Question 1

what are the joints in the elbow

Answer 1

humeroulnar
humeroradial
proximal radioulnar (PRUJ)

Question 2

DoF of humeroulnar and humeroradial joints

Answer 2

1 –> flexion/extension
hinge joint

Question 3

DoF of proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 3

1 –> supination/pronation
pivot joint

Question 4

humeroulnar articulation (more medially located)

Answer 4

trochlea

Question 5

humeroradial articulation (more laterally located)

Answer 5

capitulum

Question 6

coronoid process of the ulna enters coronoid fossa during what elbow movement

Answer 6

flexion

Question 7

radial fossa receives the head of radius in what elbow movement

Answer 7

flexion

Question 8

articulates with the radial head

Answer 8

radial notch

Question 9

concave radial head slides over convex _________

Answer 9

capitulum

Question 10

describe elbow capsule

Answer 10

large, loose, and weak

Question 11

triangular synovial fold

Answer 11

lies between the proximal radius and ulna

Question 12

hypertrophy of the triangular synovial fold can cause…

Answer 12

lateral epicondylalgia
inflammation
degeneration

Question 13

how can hypertrophy of the triangular synovial fold occur

Answer 13

repetitive activities such as repetitive gripping, wrist extension, or pushups

Question 14

which UCL bundle is the primary restraint to valgus stress

Answer 14

anterior bundle

Question 15

which UCL bundle limits elbow extension

Answer 15

posterior bundle

Question 16

LCL resists…

Answer 16

varus stress

Question 17

2 elbow extensors

Answer 17

triceps
anconeus

Question 18

golfers elbow

Answer 18

flexors
medial epicondyle

Question 19

what is considered cubitus valgus? what abut varus?

Answer 19

+15*
-5*

Question 20

what is a normal carrying angle

Answer 20

15*

Question 21

at 90*, what part of the MCL resists valgus

Answer 21

anterior

Question 22

full extension stability is provided by 50% of ____ and 50% of _____

Answer 22

bone + LCL

Question 23

moment arm peak of brachialis and biceps brachii

Answer 23

brachialis = lil over 100
biceps = 80-100

Question 24

active insufficiency of triceps

Answer 24

elbow extension with SHOULDER EXTENSION

Question 25

ulna and radius are concave surfaces moving on convex humerus during what type of exercises

Answer 25

open chain

Question 26

another name for the radioulnar disc

Answer 26

triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)

Question 27

quadrate ligament

Answer 27

maintains radial head in notch + limits spin of radial head

Question 28

where do the dorsal and palmar ligaments of DRUJ insert

Answer 28

ulnar fovea and base of ulnar styloid

Question 29

interosseous membrane job

Answer 29

stabilizes PRUJ and DRUJ

Question 30

why is the interosseous membrane is taut in rotation

Answer 30

keep radius and ulna from splaying

Question 31

what is supination limited by

Answer 31

palmar radioulnar ligament and oblique cord

Question 32

when is supination torque the greatest

Answer 32

when forearm is in pronation

Question 33

what is pronation limited by

Answer 33

bone dorsal radioulnar ligament posterior MCL

Question 34

TFCC job

Answer 34

transmit compression and tension forces stabilizes carpals

Question 35

in a pushup, force is transferred from ___(radius/ulna)___ to the ___(radius/ulna)____

Answer 35

radial head to the ulnar head

Question 36

how much elbow flexion and forearm rotation is considered functional

Answer 36

30-130 elbow 50 sup 50 pro

Question 37

ossification centers order + years

Answer 37

CRIOTE capitellum (1y) radial head (3y) internal epicondyle (5y) trochlea (7y) olecranon (9y) external epicondyle (11y)

Question 38

FOOSH results in a fracture of.....

Answer 38

proximal ulna anterior dislocation of radial head

Question 39

distraction injury example at the elbow

Answer 39

nursemaid's elbow

Question 40

what type of stress injures the UCL

Answer 40

VALGUS

Question 41

throwing can cause an increased carrying angle and radial head compression of ______, which can lead to avascular necrosis

Answer 41

capitulum