elbow

Question 1

elbow AROM

Answer 1

extension/flexion: 0-140 degrees
pronation: 0-85 degrees
supination: 0-90 degrees

Question 2

elbow functional ROM

Answer 2

flexion: 130 degrees
extension: 30 degrees
pronation/supination: 50 degrees

Question 3

most common complication following an elbow injury?

Answer 3

stiffness

Question 4

carrying angle is the

Answer 4

natural valgus due to the oblique orientation of the trochela of the humerus

Question 5

men and women carrying angle

Answer 5

men 5-10 degrees
women 10-15 degrees

Question 6

cubitus varus is the loss of normal elbow ___

Answer 6

valgus

Question 7

with cubitus varus the elbow angle __ from body and hands and forearm angle ___ body

Answer 7

away; toward

Question 8

stability of the elbow is __ and ___

Answer 8

static and dynamic

Question 9

static stability comes from

Answer 9

osseous structures
ulnohumeral joint
-radial head
-joint capsule
-MCL
-LCL

Question 10

what is the primary stabilizer of the elbow?

Answer 10

ulnohumeral joint

Question 11

dynamic stability is from

Answer 11

when contracted, muscles crossing the elbow joint

Question 12

lateral collateral ligament complext 4 components

Answer 12

LUCL
RCL
Annular ligament
accessory LCL

Question 13

how many degrees of stabilization does the LCL complex give?

Answer 13

1 degree

Question 14

the LCL complex stabilizes against

Answer 14

varus (adduction) forces

Question 15

medial collateral ligament complex 3 components

Answer 15

anterior bundle
posterior bundle
transverse ligament

Question 16

MCL complex stabilizes against

Answer 16

valgus (abduction) forces

Question 17

most common elbow fx in adults is the

Answer 17

radial head fracture

Question 18

MOI for a radial head fx and its associated injuries

Answer 18

FOOSH while FA is pronated
associated injuries:
-interosseous ligament and DRUJ injuries
-distal radius fx; scaphoid fx

Question 19

a radial head fracture can result in an elbow

Answer 19

flexion contracture

Question 20

proximal ulna fx rarely occurs in ___ and is usually associated with what injury

Answer 20

isolation; radial head fx

Question 21

olecranon fx (proximal ulna fx) MOI

Answer 21

fall to bent elbow or direct blow to posterior elbow

Question 22

common problems with an olecranon fx include:

Answer 22

ulnar nerve neuropathy
decreased elbow flexion and extension
arthritis
instability
ectopic bone
non-union

Question 23

with an olecranon fx avoid what ROM and when is ROM indicated?

Answer 23

avoid flexion above 90 degrees and ROM is indicated within 3-7 days from injury

Question 24

fracture complications

Answer 24

infection
malunion
nonunion
ulnar neuropathy
arthrosis
hardware intolerance
contractures

Question 25

heterotopic ossification commonly occurs in elbow after what condition

Answer 25

TBI

Question 26

what are the Sx of HO and what should you avoid

Answer 26

warmth, pain, swelling, and progressive loss of motion avoid PROM and painful ROM

Question 27

what is the goal of non-operative tx

Answer 27

restore strength

Question 28

what is the goal for operative treatment

Answer 28

restore alignment and stability

Question 29

what do you start week 1 for a elbow fx non-operative

Answer 29

gentle A/AROM

Question 30

the elbow joint is the __ most dislocated joint it is almost always a ___ dislocation

Answer 30

2nd; posterior

Question 31

what is susecptible to injury with a elbow dislocation?

Answer 31

ulnar nerve

Question 32

with an elbow dislocation a sling is worn for how long and why no longer?

Answer 32

up to 3 weeks; greter than 3 weeks can increase risk of a contracture

Question 33

varus instability is due to

Answer 33

LCL insufficiency

Question 34

valgus instability is due to

Answer 34

MCL insufficency

Question 35

which instability is usually chronic

Answer 35

valgus

Question 36

valgus instability MOI

Answer 36

overhead throwing actions

Question 37

common injury due to over stressing with valgus forces?

Answer 37

UCL in elbow

Question 38

the little league elbow is what

Answer 38

avulsion fracture to medial elbow at the medial epiphysel plate (grwoth plate) due to excessive valgus forces

Question 39

precations for elbow instability

Answer 39

strength beings at week 6-8 normal function return 4-6 months perform initial elbow and FA motions in supine no combined elbow extension with supination until week 8 limit elbow extension with pronation to 30 degrees avoid shoulder abduction with IR

Question 40

joint stability beings to improve when?

Answer 40

2 to 6 weeks post op

Question 41

post LCL repairs avoid varus stress for how long?

Answer 41

12 weeks

Question 42

when you can begin PROM still avoid what?

Answer 42

end range elbow extension and supination

Question 43

OT intervention for instability include

Answer 43

ROM scar management edema control PAMs Strengthening

Question 44

with strengthening start with __ and progress to __

Answer 44

isometric; isotonic

Question 45

with strengthening do not just address triceps and biceps also address

Answer 45

shoulder, wrist, and hands

Question 46

with ROM training utilizing __ and ___ technique in early stages may help patient gain motion