Elbow

Question 1

Common injury that is seen in children between the ages of 1-3 years

Answer 1

Nursemaid’s Elbow

Question 2

holds the arm slightly flexed and pronated.

Answer 2

Nursemaid’s Elbow

Question 3

reduction of nursemaids?

Answer 3

forearm is supinated and flexed

Question 4

tendon usually involved in tennis elbow is the

Answer 4

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Question 5

Cozen’s test and Mill’s test is for?

Answer 5

tennis elbow (lateral)

Question 6

is imaging helpful for tennis elbow?

Answer 6

no

Question 7

Sub-acute Tx for tennis elbow?

Answer 7

Graston, counterfource brace, and ECCENTRIC LOADING of wrist extensors

Question 8

major muscle in golfers elbow?

Answer 8

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Question 9

Epiphyseal ischemic necrosis of the capitulum

similar to OCD

Answer 9

Panner’s Disease

Question 10

Panner’s Disease affects children under age 10, whereas osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow affects

Answer 10

adolescents.

Question 11

Panner’s disease involves the entire epiphysis and is radiographically characterized by radiolucency and fragmentation, similar to

Answer 11

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease of the hip

Question 12

in Panners disease, does pain ease with rest?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

Typically affects the lateral or central portion of the capitellum.

Answer 13

Osteochondritis dissecans

Question 14

radiolucency of capitellum, loose body formation and secondary changes of hypertrophy of the radial head

Answer 14

Osteochondritis dissecans

Question 15

localized fragmentation of the bone and overlying cartilage of the capitellum

Answer 15

OCD

Question 16

OCD may progress to…

Answer 16

loose body formation and post-traumatic arthritis

Question 17

osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum tends to occur in patients

Answer 17

10-16 years of age

Question 18

Found in young baseball pitchers

Answer 18

OCD

Question 19

Early findings of OCD

Answer 19

Local tenderness over lateral aspect of the elbow, Swelling, and Intermittent locking that is WORSE with activity

Question 20

Late findings of COD

Answer 20

• Joint effusion
• loss of extension (5-10°)
• Crepitus with motion
• Muscle atrophy
• Catching and locking of the elbow

Question 21

is prolonged splinting reccomended for Panners and OCD?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

Separation/fragmentation of the medial epicondylar apophysis
and pain over medial epicondyle

Answer 22

Little Leaguer’s Elbow

Question 23

most important band of UCL and provides major restraint to VALGUS stress at the elbow

Answer 23

anterior band

Question 24

In adults repetitive valgus force damages the UCL. What is damaged in adolescents?

Answer 24

immature apophysis of the medial epicondyle

Question 25

treatment of little league elbow is guided by

Answer 25

MRI findings.

Question 26

in Little Leaguer’s Elbow if the apophyseal avulsions are displaced by ________, surgical reattachment needed

Answer 26

3-4mm or greater,

Question 27

with OCD of the capitellum, the presence of a loose body within the joint is an indication for

Answer 27

surgery

Question 28

in little league elbow pitch counts should be limited to

Answer 28

80-100 pitches/week

Question 29

Rupture of the UCL usually occurs in the _____ elbow with _____ stress

Answer 29

flexed, valgus

Question 30

bursae can be infected with

Answer 30

staph aureus

Question 31

About 30% of elbow fractures in adults occur in the

Answer 31

radial head

Question 32

fractures of the _____ _____ account for 10-20% of all elbow injuries in adults

Answer 32

Olecranon process

Question 33

Coronoid process fractures occur in _____ of dislocations of the elbow

Answer 33

10-15%

Question 34

most common elbow fractures in pediatric patients

Answer 34

Supracondylar

Question 35

Supracondylar fractures occur at what age?

Answer 35

3-10 (6.5) years old.

Question 36

irreversible contractures of the flexor muscles of the hand to ischemic processes in the forearm.

Answer 36

Volkmann Contracture

Question 37

Pain on supination / pronation | with?

Answer 37

Supracondylar fractures

Question 38

All displaced Fx should be immobilized via

Answer 38

casting or stabilized via surgical pinning

Question 39

Elbow Dislocation is more or less common than shoulder and finger dislocation?

Answer 39

less

Question 40

elbow usually dislocates

Answer 40

posteriorly (90%)

Question 41

mechanism of injury for posterior elbow dislocations

Answer 41

fall onto an extended and abducted arm is the

Question 42

posterior elbow dislocations are assocaited with what injury?

Answer 42

FOOSH

Question 43

structures injured during a posterior elbow dislocation?

Answer 43

- anterior and posterior bands of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments - brachialis muscle - flexor-pronator muscle group - articular cartilage

Question 44

Anterior elbow dislocations and any open fracture are commonly associated with disruption of the

Answer 44

brachial artery and/or injury to the median nerve.

Question 45

upper arm appears shortened, while the forearm is elongated and held in supination.

Answer 45

Anterior elbow dislocation

Question 46

after reduction, any crepitus means that a

Answer 46

fracture or cartilage fragment was missed