Elbow Cubital Fossa and Forearm Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
what does the ulna articulate with
A
trochlea
2
Q
medial boundary of cubital fossa
A
pronator teres muscle
3
Q
lateral boundary of cubital fossa
A
brachioradialis muscle
4
Q
distal boundary of cubital fossa
A
junction of brachioradialis and pronator teres
5
Q
floor/posterior boundary of cubital fossa
A
brachialis muscle (before it inserts on ulnar tuberosity) supinator muscle (arising from supinator crest of ulna before passing posterior to proximal radius)
6
Q
roof/anterior boundary of cubital fossa
A
antebrachial fascia: continuous with brachial fascia
cephalic vein laterally, basillic vein medially; median cubital vein joining cephalic and basilic veins
medial cutaneous nerve of forearm and lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm (musculocutaneous n termination)
bicipital aponeurosis: medial extension of biceps tendon which fuses with forearm fascia
7
Q
proximal boundary of cubital fossa
A
line between epicondyles
8
Q
contents of the cubital fossa
A
TAN
T: biceps brachii Tendon (going to radial tuberosity insertion)
A: Artery (Brachial): bifurcates into radial and ulnar artery
N: Neve: (Median): enters fossa anterior to brachialis muscle
9
Q
compartments of the forearm and what the compartments are divided by
A
Anterior and posterior;
Defined by the Interosseous membrane connecting the radius and ulna, continuations of the lateral and medial intermuscular septa of the arm (IMS connecs to posterior border of the ulna, medially)
10
Q
Anterior compartment of the forearm actions and innervations
A
flexion of the wrist, flexion of the digits, and pronation of the forearm
innervated by the median nerve except 1.5 by ulnar nerve (flexor carpi ulnaris and medial part of flexor digitorum profundus)
11
Q
Flexor Carpi Radialis insertion
A
base of metacarpals II and III
12
Q
flexor carpi ulnaris origin
A
2 heads
humeral head: common flexor tendon
ulnar head: olecranon and posterior ulna
13
Q
Superficial Muscle Layer of the Anterior Compartment of the Forearm
A
4 muscles:
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
All innervated by median nerve except the flexor carpi ulnaris
Arise from common flexor tendon (on medial epicondyle)
14
Q
Pronator Teres origin
A
2 heads
Humeral head: Common Flexor Tendon
Ulnar Head: Medial side of coronoid process
15
Q
Pronator Teres innsertion
A
lateral surface of mid shaft of radius
16
Q
Pronator Teres innervation
A
median nerve
17
Q
Pronator Teres action
A
pronate the forearm
18
Q
where is the coronoid process
A
anterior proximal ulna
19
Q
Flexor Carpi Radialis origin
A
common flexor tendon
20
Q
what is the bicipital aponeurosis
A
medial extension of biceps tendon which fuses with the forearm fascia
21
Q
Flexor Carpi Radialis action
A
flex and abduct hand at wrist
22
Q
Flexor Carpi Radialis innervation
A
median nerve
23
Q
what does the radius articulate with
A
capitulum
24
Q
which stays stationary, ulna or radius, during pronation/supination
A
ulna = stationary radius = rotating
25
Flexor muscles with 2 heads
Pronator Teres, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
26
palmaris longus insertion
palmar aponeurosis
27
palmaris longus origin
common flexor tendon
28
palmaris longus action
flexes hand at wrist
29
palmaris longus innervation
median nerve
30
flexor carpi ulnaris insertion
pisiform, hamate, and base of metacarpal V
31
flexor carpi ulnaris innervation
ULNAR nerve
32
flexor carpi ulnaris action
flex and adduct hand at wrist
33
flexor digitorum superficialis origin
2 heads
humeral-ulnar head: medial epicondyle + adjacent margin of coronoid process
Radial head: oblique line of radius
34
flexor digitorum superficialis innervation
median nerve
35
flexor digitorum superficialis insertion
intermediate phalanges of digits II - V
36
flexor digitorum superficialis action
flexes intermediate phalanges
| flexion at metacarpophalangeal joints and wrist joint
37
what joint are your knuckles
metacarpophalangeal
38
where does the median nerve travel between in the forearm
1st: between the two heads of the pronator teres
then between the two heads of the flexor digitorum superficialis (with ulnar artery) and then between the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus
39
what does the ulnar nerve travel between in the forearm?
1st: between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Then: between the flexor carpi ulnaris and and flexor digitorum superficialis
40
what are the deep flexor muscles of the forearm?
flexor pollicus longus, flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus
41
anterior vs posterior interosseous nerve branch from where?
anterior interosseous: median nerve
| posterior interosseous: radial nerve
42
flexor pollicus longus origin
anterior surface of radius and radial half of interosseous membrane
43
flexor pollicus longus insertion
base of distal phalanx of thumb
44
flexor pollicus longus innervation
anterior interosseous (median nerve)
45
flexor pollicus longus action
- flexes distal phalanx of thumb
| - flexion at metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
46
flexor digitorm profundus origin
- anterior and medial surface of ulna
| - medial half of interosseous membrane
47
flexor digitorm profundus insertion
distal phalanx of digits II - V
48
flexor digitorm profundus innervations
medial half: ulnar nerve
| lateral half: median nerve (anterior interosseous)
49
flexor digitorm profundus action
- flex distal phalanx of digits II-V
| - flexion at metacarpophalangeal joint and wrist joint
50
pronator quadratus origin
distal anterior of ulna
51
pronator quadratus insertion
distal anterior of radius
52
pronator quadratus action
pronation of forearm
53
pronator quadratus innervation
median nerve (anterior interosseous)
54
what nerve innervates the deep flexor muscles of the forearms
anterior interosseous (median) except for the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar nerve)
55
what is the common origin/insertion for all supinator/pronator muscles
o: on ulna
i: on radius
56
radial artery location
deep to brachioradialis and runs with the superficial radial nerve
57
location and branches of ulnar artery
common interosseous artery (splits into posterior and anterior interosseous arteries which supply the 2 compartments of the forearm)
-the other branch of ulnar is still called the ulnar nerve and it runs with the median nerve between the two heads of the flexor digitorum superficialis and then between the flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus
58
branches/location of the radial nerve in the forearm
- divides into superficial and deep branches.
- Superficial branch: goes deep to the brachioradialis and runs with the radial artery (NO MOTOR, JUST SENSORY)
- Deep: enters the supinator and then becomes the posterior interosseous nerve when it exits and innervates most of the posterior forearm muscles (extensors)
59
branches/location of the median nerve in the forearm
branches off the anterior interosseous (innervates the deep flexor muscles of the forearm) nerve BEFORE going through the two heads of the pronator teres. Then it goes through the two heads of the flexor digitorum superficialis and then between the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus
60
what does the anterior interosseous nerve innervate? What does it branch off of?
- branch of median nerve
| - innervates the deep flexor muscles of the forearm
61
branches/location of the ulnar nerve in the forearm
- goes through the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris and then between FCU and FDP
- gives a "dorsal ulnar" branch distally
62
posterior compartment of the forearm
2 layers: generally extension of the hand at the wrist joint, extension of the digits, and supination of the forearm
-all innervated by radial nerve/one of it's branches
63
superficial muscles of the posterior forearm
-arise from the common extensor tendon (on lateral epicondyle) or the lateral supracondylar ridge
-radial artery and superficial radial nerve lie deep to the brachioradialis
-muscles (7): UMD BLB A
U: extensor carpi ulnaris
M: extensor digiti minimi
D: extensor digitorum
B: extensor carpi radialis brevis
L: extensor carpi radialis longus
B: brachiais
A: anconeus
64
extensor carpi ulnaris origin
common extensor tendon + posteroir border of ulna
65
extensor carpi ulnaris insertion
base of metacarpal V
66
extensor carpi ulnaris innervation
posterior interosseous (radial)
67
extensor carpi ulnaris action
extends and adducts the hand at wrist joint
68
extensor digiti minimi origin
common extensor tendon
69
extensor digiti minimi insertion
extensor hood of digit V
70
extensor digiti minimi innervation
posterior interosseous (radial)
71
extensor digiti minimi action
extend digit V
72
extensor digitorum origin
common extensor tendon
73
extensor digitorum insertion
extensor hood of digit II-V
74
extensor digitorum innervation
posterior interosseous (radial)
75
extensor digitorum action
extend digits II- V
76
extensor carpi radialis brevis origin
common extensor tendon
77
extensor carpi radialis brevis insertion
base of metacarpals II and III
78
extensor carpi radialis brevis innervation
deep radial nerve (radial)
79
extensor carpi radialis brevis action
extend and abduct the hand at the wrist
80
extensor carpi radialis longus origin
lateral supracondylar ridge
81
extensor carpi radialis longus insertion
base of metacarpal II
82
extensor carpi radialis longus innveration
radial nerve
83
extensor carpi radialis longus action
extend and abduct the hand at the wrist
84
anconeus origin
lateral epicondyle
85
anconeus insertion
olecranon + posterior surface of the ulna
86
anconeus action
accessory extendor of the forearm
87
anconeus innervation
radial nerve
88
brachioradialis origin
lateral supracondylar ridge
89
brachioradialis insertion
lateral distal radius
90
brachioradialis innervation
radial nerve
91
brachioradialis action
FLEX the forearm
92
what is at the lateral supracondylar ridge
the radial artery and nerve.
| also the origin on brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus
93
pathway of deep radial nerve
goes through the supinator and then when it emerges it becomes the posterior interosseous nerve
94
Deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm
```
5 muscles SAL PB PLI
S: supinator
AL: abductor pollicus longus
PB: extensor pollicus brevis
PL: extensor pollicus longus
I: extensor indicis
```
95
supinator origin
Superficial part: lateral epicondyle
| Deep part: supinator crest of ulna
96
supinator innserion
lateral proximal radius
97
supinator innervation
deep radial nerve
98
supinator action
supinates the forearm
99
Abductor Pollicus Longus origin
posterior surface radius and ulna, adjacent to the interosseous membrane
100
Abductor Pollicus Longus insertion
lateral base of metacarpal I
101
Abductor Pollicus Longus innervation
posterior interosseous nerve (radial N)
102
Abductor Pollicus Longus action
abducts thumb at carpometacarpal joint
103
Extensor Pollicus Longus origin
posterior surface of ulna inferior to APL, adjacent to interosseous membrane
104
Extensor Pollicus Longus insertion
distal phalanx of thumb
105
Extensor Pollicus Longus innervation
posterior interosseous nerve (radial N)
106
Extensor Pollicus Longus action
- extend distal phalanx of thumb
| - extension of carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb
107
Extensor Pollicus Brevis origin
posterior surface of radius, inferior to APL; adjacent to interosseous membrane
108
Extensor Pollicus Brevis insertion
proximal phalanx of thumb
109
Extensor Pollicus Brevis innervation
posterior interosseous nerve (radial N)
110
Extensor Pollicus Brevis action
- extends proximal phalanx of thumb
| - extension of carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb
111
Extensor Indicis origin
posterior surface of ulna inferior to EPL, adjacent to interosseous membrane
112
Extensor Indicis insertion
dorsal hood of digit II
113
Extensor Indicis innervation
posterior interosseous nerve (radial N)
114
Extensor Indicis action
extend digit II
115
main blood supply to posterior compartment of the forearm
the posterior interosseous artery (FROM ULNAR ARTERY!).. branch of the common interosseous artery
-runs with the posterior interosseous nerve
116
cutaneous (sensory) nerves of the forearm and what they arise from
3:
medial antibrachial cutaneous (medial cord)
lateral antibrachial cutaneous (musculocutaneous)
posterior antibrachial cutaneous (radial nerve, above the elbow)
117
protantion
move the distal end of radius over the distal end of the ulnar
118
articular joints of the elbow and proximal/distal attachments
- ulna: trochlea (humerus) + trochlear notch (ulna)
- radius: capitulum (humerus) + radial head
- proximal attachment: upper coronoid and radial fossae (anteriorly) and olecranon fossa (posteriorly)
- distal attachment: trochlear notch + annular ligament
119
ligaments of the elbow joint
- Radial collateral ligament
- ulnar collateral ligament
- annular ligament
120
radial collateral ligament
goes from lateral epicondyle to annular ligament
121
ulnar collateral ligament
goes from medial epicondyle to medial edge of trochlear notch
122
annular ligament
- surrounds the neck of the radius
| - allows from pivoting of radial head
123
bursa of elbow (olecranon bursa)
between the insertion of triceps brachii and the olecranon process
124
PROXIMAL Radioulnar joint (articulation and associated ligaments)
- head of radius articulates with the radial notch of ulna
| - held in place by the annular ligament
125
DISTAL & INTERMEDIATE Radioulnar joint (articulation and associated ligaments)
- DISTAL: head of ulnar articulates with the ulnar notch of radius (articular disc between ulnar notch of radius and base of ulnar styloid process)
- INTERMED: interosseous membrane (fibrous joint)
