Elbow, Forearm, Wrist, and Hand part 1

Question 1

Primary role of the elbow

Answer 1

Position the forearm, wrist, and hand in the appropriate location to perform function

Question 2

How many DoF for the elbow?

Answer 2

1 DoF (flexion - extension)

Question 3

How is the elbow stabilized?

Answer 3

Mostly by ligaments and muscles around the elbow

Question 4

Joints that performs the motion of the elbow?

Answer 4

Ulnohumeral (trochlear), Radiohumeral, Superior/Proximal Radioulnar Joints

Question 5

Innervation of the elbow?

Answer 5

Branches of the Musculocutaneous, Median, Ulnar, and Radial Nerves

Question 6

Most common dislocation of the elbow

Answer 6

Posterolateral

Question 7

Cord-like shaped ligament of the elbow

Answer 7

Ulnar Collateral Ligaments

Question 8

Cubital tunnel is created by what ligament?

Answer 8

Posterior Portion of the UCL

Question 9

What passes through the cubital tunnel?

Answer 9

Ulnar nerve

Question 10

Fan-shaped ligament of the elbow

Answer 10

Lateral Collateral Ligament Complex

Question 11

portions of the LCL

Answer 11

Radial Collateral

Lateral Ulnar Collateral

Question 12

T/F: The lateral structures of the elbow are stronger than the medial

Answer 12

True

Question 13

The lateral side is more vulnerable to what?

Answer 13

Translation

Question 14

Most common injured ligament of the elbow?

Answer 14

UCL

Question 15

MOI for UCL injuries

Answer 15

Overuse; Repeated stress from overhead movement

Question 16

T/F: the LCL is not susceptible to direct blows and traumas since it is stronger

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Second most commonly injured ligament in the elbow

Answer 17

Lateral Collateral Ligaments

Question 18

most active and intricate part of the UE

Answer 18

forearm, wrist, and hand

Question 19

T/F: The elbow is highly dependent on inert structures, while the forearm, wrist, and hand, do not

Answer 19

False, both are highly dependent on inert structures

Question 20

MOI for sprains/strains

Answer 20

excessive external force that would knock the bones out of place, causing forceful stretch on the ligaments

Question 21

T/F: integrity of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand should be maintained in order for us to function in everyday activities

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Compensations for the hand conditions are usually presented where?

Answer 22

Elbow and Shoulder

Question 23

The forearm, wrist, and hand as a _____ role both as a motor and sensory organ

Answer 23

protective

Question 24

Joint responsible for rotation of the wrist and hand

Answer 24

Distal radioulnar joint

Question 25

Radiocarpal type of joint and DoF

Answer 25

Biaxial ellipsoid; 2 DoF

Question 26

How much force is borne to the radius through the scaphoid during CKC?

Answer 26

60%

Question 27

40% is borne on the ulna but is mostly borne where?

Answer 27

TFCC

Question 28

Highly important in terms of keeping the stability of the proximal carpal bones onto the radiocarpal joint

Answer 28

Radioscapholunate ligament

Question 29

Why is the radioscapholunate ligament is the most commonly injured ligament?

Answer 29

It keeps the wrist's stability during FOOSH injuries

Question 30

Where is the instability seen in injuries to the RSL ligament

Answer 30

scaphoid and lunate

Question 31

Lunotriquetral Ligament is the ___ most commonly injured ligament of the proximal carpal bones

Answer 31

2nd

Question 32

MOI for lunotriquetal ligament injuries

Answer 32

Wrist extension, radial deviation, and intercarpal supination

Question 33

Shoulder = Labrum; Meniscus = Knee; Ulna & Triquetrum = ?

Answer 33

Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex

Question 34

the TFCC is usually damaged by?

Answer 34

forced extension c pronation (usual position to break a fall)

Question 35

Alternating mobility and stability in the body's joints are necessary in order for the body to function properly

Answer 35

Joint by Joint theory

Question 36

Arch that has the carpal tunnel, distal row of carpal bones, cmc joint of the thumb, and the Capitate (keystone)

Answer 36

Proximal transverse arch

Question 37

Arch that has the 2nd & 3rd MCP as the keystone

Answer 37

distal transverse and longitudinal arches

Question 38

Usual age for Lateral Epi

Answer 38

35 y/o or older

Question 39

MOI for lat epi

Answer 39

Overuse

Question 40

Sx of Lat epi

Answer 40

aching, radiating pain present upon performance of elbow activities

Question 41

MOI for nursemaid's elbow

Answer 41

pull on the child's developing annular ligament (nahila ng nanay or yaya yung forearm ng bata)

Question 42

Clinical presentation for nursemaid's elbow

Answer 42

Dec. supination & (+) pain on lateral side of elbow

Question 43

Can a child develop lateral epicondylalgia?

Answer 43

yes, but very very rarely. most likely it is nursemaid's elbow

Question 44

FOOSH MOIs can predispose pts to injuries such as?

Answer 44

elbow disloc, wrist fx

Question 45

Fall on a flexed elbow can lead to?

Answer 45

contusions, displacement of the radius and ulna on to the humerus

Question 46

Lat epi = tennis elbow; Med epi =

Answer 46

Little Leaguer's Elbow

Question 47

T/F: FOOSH and forces on the tip of the elbow can lead to clavicle, ac joint, or labrum affectation

Answer 47

True

Question 48

MOI for little leagure's?

Answer 48

repetitive stress (esp in throwing)

Question 49

Concomitant valgus sprain on the medial side will cause:

Answer 49

excessive compression on the lateral side

Question 50

Most common sports in Little leaguer's elbow

Answer 50

Tennis, Pickleball, or any racket sports with forehand grips; pitching (d/t the late cocking phase increasing valgus stress)

Question 51

Why is Little Leaguer's elbow most commonly seen in younger patients?

Answer 51

because of their not so developed inert elbow stabilizers

Question 52

MCL/UCML sprain indicator?

Answer 52

Audible pop + pain & swelling

Question 53

Centralized pop + weak elbow flexion

Answer 53

Distal biceps tendon rupture