elearning

Question 1

AMPLE

Answer 1

Allergies
Meds
PMHs
last meal
events

Question 2

Definitive airway definition

Answer 2

• tube placed in trachea with cuff inflated below vocal cords
• connected to a form of o2 enriched ventilation
• stablised in situ

Question 3

GCS for a definitive airway

Answer 3

8 or less

Question 4

LEMON airway

Answer 4

Look externally
Evaluate 322 rule
Mallampati
Obstruction
Neck mobility

Question 5

Criteria for definitive airway

Answer 5

Burns
Facial trauma
GCS < 8
Failure to maintain oxygenation

Question 5

Criteria for definitive airway

Answer 5

Burns
Facial trauma
GCS < 8
Failure to maintain oxygenation

Question 6

How many people for safe log rolling

Answer 6

4
1 on c spine
2 on rolling
1 on assessing spine

Question 7

How many people for safe intubation of trauma patient

Answer 7

3
1 on c spine
1 on laryngoscope
1 passing bougie - connecting tube

Question 8

How to ensure placement of Endotracheal tube

Answer 8

Listen : bilat air entry
Look: capnography (no CO2 -> OG intubation), CXR

Question 9

Sources of bleeding

Answer 9

blood on the floor and 4 more
Chest
Abdo
Long bone
Pelvis

Question 10

How to estimate blood volume

Answer 10

7 % of adults weight
7 % obese adults ideal body weight
8-9% of child’s body weight

Question 11

Classes of haemorrhagic shock

Answer 11

Question 12

Base deficit for classes of haemorrhagic shock

Answer 12

0 to -2
-2 to -6
-6 to -10
< -10

Question 13

Response patterns to fluid resus

Answer 13

Rapid response
Transient response : transfuse and control ongoing bleeding ( op vs angio)
Minimal response (massive transfusion protocol + op)

Question 14

Massive transfusion def

Answer 14

10 units of RBC in 24hrs or 4 units in 1 hr

Question 15

Massive haemothorax def

Answer 15

1.5 l on insertion of chest drain
200ml/hr for 4 hrs

Question 16

Types of pelvic fractures

Answer 16

Lateral compression 60 %
Anterior posterior (open book) 10-15
Vertical shear 10-15

Question 17

Normal ICP

Answer 17

10mmHg

Question 18

Cerebral perfusion pressure

Answer 18

CPP = MAP - ICP

Question 19

In presence of variance between GCS score of upper limb and lower limb (eg E3V4M5 vs E3V4M4) which one should be used for overall GCS

Answer 19

the better one E3V4M5

Question 20

In presence of variance between GCS score of upper limb and lower limb (eg E3V4M5 vs E3V4M4) which one should be used for overall GCS

Answer 20

the better one E3V4M5

Question 21

Reversal agent for spirin

Answer 21

desmopressin

Question 22

Reversal agent for heparin

Answer 22

protamine

Question 23

Reversal agent for dabigatran

Answer 23

idarucizumab

Question 24

CI to use of Mannitol

Answer 24

Systemic hypotension

Question 25

What med to use in cerebral hypertension secondary to trauma

Answer 25

Hypertonic saline Mannitol Phenytoin

Question 25

What med to use in cerebral hypertension secondary to trauma

Answer 25

Hypertonic saline Mannitol Phenytoin

Question 26

How to diagnose brain death

Answer 26

No alternative cause (hypothermia, volaemia, glycaemia) No brainstem reflexes (oculocephalic, corneal, gag reflex) No response to apnoea testing

Question 27

Neurogenic shock spinal level

Answer 27

T6 or higher

Question 28

Neurogenic vs spinal shock

Answer 28

Neurogenic: loss of sympathetic tone Spinal: loss of muscle tone and reflexes post spinal cord injury

Question 29

Central cord syndrome sx

Answer 29

Motor loss upper worse than lower

Question 30

Anterior cord syndrome sx

Answer 30

Injury to motor and sensory in the anterior cord Paraplegia + loss of spinothalamic

Question 31

Brown sequard syndrome sx

Answer 31

Hemisection of cord Ipsilateral motor and dorsal column Contralateral spinothalamic

Question 32

Most common c spine fracture

Answer 32

C5

Question 33

Most common c spine subluxation

Answer 33

C5 on C6

Question 34

Chance fracture

Answer 34

Through spinous process, pedicles and vertebral body

Question 35

How to control arterial bleed

Answer 35

1. apply manual pressure 2. pressure dressing 3. manual pressure to proximal artery 4. consider tourniquet

Question 36

Resus fluid volume calculation post thermal burn

Answer 36

2ml * kg * TBSA or 3ml * kg * TBSA if child

Question 37

Indication for gastric tube in burns patients

Answer 37

if >20% tbsa or if vomiting

Question 38

Abx in burns

Answer 38

Not indicated unless get infection

Question 39

Tetanus in burns

Answer 39

give if not immunised

Question 40

Medical mx for rhabdo treatment

Answer 40

IV fluids Mannitol (free radical scavanger and osmotic diuretic washing out myoglobin)

Question 41

Frostbite management

Answer 41

warm water 40 degrees warm fluids to drink Analgesia

Question 42

Def of hypothermia vs severe hypothermia

Answer 42

Hypothermia: <36 Severe: < 32

Question 43

Estimating child's weight

Answer 43

2*age + 10

Question 44

Position of needle decompression in children

Answer 44

2nd intercostal space midclavicular line (not changed like adults has to 5th intercostal mid axillary)

Question 45

Escalation ladder for venous access in paeds

Answer 45

1. 2 attempts at peripheral cannulas 2. Intraosseus 3. femoral

Question 45

Escalation ladder for venous access in paeds

Answer 45

1. 2 attempts at peripheral cannulas 2. Intraosseus 3. femoral

Question 46

Changes to FBC and clotting in pregnancy

Answer 46

Increased: - WCC, RBC, Clotting factors, Decreased: - Hct, PT and APTT (but bleeding and clotting times unchanged)

Question 47

When to give Rh immunoglobulins to pregnant

Answer 47

if Rh negative

Question 48

Which side should a pregnant woman be monitored on

Answer 48

Left side to avoid IVC compression