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elections Flashcards

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1
Q

Constitution and political parties

A

constitution makes no provisions for political parties

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2
Q

political party

A

political organization to attain and maintain political power

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3
Q

founding fathers

A

Our founding fathers opposed political parties with the English monarchial system

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4
Q

Partisan style

A

determined by number of political parties

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5
Q

Types of Party Systems

A

Nonpartisan, Single-Party, Two political parties, Multiple Parties

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6
Q

Nonpartisan Party

A

where no offical party exists, candidates run on their own merits(washington administration and some local governments)

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7
Q

Single Party

A

only one official party is allowed to hold effective power(PRC, Nazi Germany, North Korea, Vietnam)

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8
Q

Two political parties

A

politics dominated by two major parties identified by ideology (US, Jamaica, Ghana)

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9
Q

Multiple Parties

A

found in parliamentary governments where numerous parties are represented in government(EU countries, Canada, Pakistan)

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10
Q

Original vote

A

each elector was free to vote as they wish

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11
Q

Unit rule

A

a rule of procedure at a national political convention under which a state’s entire vote must be cast for the candidate preferred by majority of the state’s delegates

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12
Q

how many states use the unit rule

A

48 states

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13
Q

Electoral college

A

made up of popularly elected representatives (electors)

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14
Q

how many electors

A

since 1964, there are 538 electors (as defined in Article II, Sec. 1, Clause 2 of the constitution
Us Territories are not represented
Example of indirect election or democracy

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15
Q

How nominates candidates

A

nominated by their state political party
Constitutiion gives each state the authority to choose their electors
Some states make use of primaries in elector selection

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16
Q

Who are exceptions to the rule of nominating candidates

A

Maine and Nebraska
Pres candidate receive the elector vote in Congressional Districts that they win
The two Senatorial electors go to the candidate who wins the state

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17
Q

Phase I

A

Emergence of Parties(1790-1828)

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18
Q

James Madison warned

A

Political fractions Hamilton’s vs jeffersonians

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19
Q

Jefferson believed

A

Future lied in small agriculture

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20
Q

Hamilton believed

A

Future lied in developing vibrant cities and strong manufacturing sectors

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21
Q

First presidential elections

A

1824

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22
Q

Phase II

A

They heyday of parties (1828-1900)

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23
Q

The second party system

A

National republic party—> Whig party
Andrew Jackson and Martin van burden
1928- Jackson elected president.

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24
Q

Civil war and reconstruction

A 
Free soil party
Collapse of the Whig party
The Republican Party 
Split in the Democratic Party after the civil war
South democratic and north republican
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25
Phase III
Party Decline (1900-1970)
26
Phase III Graft and Bosses
Post civil war politics were notoriously corrupt Patronage jobs--> Civil Service act The "Australian Ballot"-secret ballot
27
Phase III Progressives and the "new Deal"
Progressive era-implied a new deal or method of problem solving(used new deal to get out of depression)
28
Phase III Rise of Candidate-Centered politics
1960s feeling that parties were the problem Young had no reverence for traditional politics Kennedy-Nixon debates Rise of "independent" voters and candidate-centered era
29
Phase IV
Organizational resurgence (1970-present)
30
Phase IV Realization of party irrelevance
Sophisticated services-->more resources Moving towards hi-tech methodologies first used by the Democratic Party under the leadership of Howard Dean By early 2000s there were more independents in the US than party affiliated members
31
Barriers to Minor Party Success
Institutioonal Barriers Ballot Access Attitudinal Barriers
32
Institutional Barriers
Legal impediments via state statues | Court decisions and the Constitution
33
Ballot Access
``` Parties Receiving 25% of vote automatically placed on the ballot for nect election Required petitioning(SC 2012 state elections) ```
34
Attitudinal Barriers
The "wasted-vote syndrome"-any vote not for the elected candidate or any vote which does not help to elect a candidate
35
Minor Parties in US History
``` Anti-Masonic PArty (early 1800s) Know-Nothings (mid 1800s) Free Soil Party (1840-Civil War) American Socialist Party (reached political height in elections between 1912 and 1920) Communist Party USA Socialist Labor Party States' Rights Democratic Party or Dixicrats (1948) American Independent Party (1968) ```
36
Recent Significant Minor Parties
Libertarian Party Green Party Reform Party
37
Minor Parties in the 21st Century
Bring more people into the political process Americans are ready for more alternatives At present, the are two members of the House that are not affiliated with any of the two major parties- they are independents
38
Drawing of Legislative districts for partisan advantage
Governor Elbridge Gerry of MA (1800s) Today, to carve up states into oddly shaped districts that maximize election powers. This is a violation of fairness policy.
39
Gerrymandering methods
Packing | Cracking
40
Baker v Carr (1961)
Court ruled that malapportionment in TN violated the Constitutional concept of "one person one vote"
41
How many states have taken politics out of redistricting
6 | AZ, CA, HW, ID, NJ, WA
42
Worst cases Gerrymandering
NC 12th district, IL 4th district, CA 38th district, Texas 22nd district,
43
Non-Voting PArty
African American less likely to vote than whites 61. 8% white votes 56. 8% Afrivan American votes 45. 1% Hispanic votes
44
% of qualified voters are registered
78%
45
of the 78% how many participate in mid term and presidental elections
48% and 63-68%
46
Countries with the highest voter turnout
Australia 95%, Malta 94%, Chile93%, Austria 92%, US 48%
47
3 requirements to vote in the US
18 yo, Citizen, Can't be convicted of a felony
48
Initially who decided who could vote
States
49
Article I
House to be chosen by the people of the several states
50
1842
House members elected by districts-prior no such things as congressional districts
51
15th Amend
AF Am males can vote
52
19th Amend
Women right to vote (1920)
53
Voting rights act 1970
18 yo can vote
54
Selection of Candidates
Legislative Caucus Mixed Caucus Convention System Primary System
55
Legislative Caucus
Meeting of state
56
Mixed Caucus
state legislative and a few other representatives - delegates
57
Convention system
1930s replaced caucus-
58
Primary System
vote state for each party- winner take all or proportional
59
Sc uses which of primary system
proportional
60
National Conventions
Primaries, State caucuses, and mixed Both parties make use of the conventions Proportional vs winner take all primaries "Super delegates"-chose by convention because of staus and can take seat immediately without a vote
61
obama elected by
not most popular candidate changed to proportional at next election
62
The "party Machine"
influence Recruits members by dispensing patronage NY Tammany Hall, Gov. Wade Hampton, Gov. Huey Long, Memphis Boss Crump, Chicago Mayor Daly
63
Gov Huey Long
Lousianna-late 20s and 30s. Crooked. LSU gave big money. Weakness for a stripper from NY.
64
Boss Crump
60s and 70s, no office position, pulled strings
65
Chicago Mayor Daly
50s-70s pay homage-
66
Hatch Act (1939)
Federal civil servants cannot take active part in political management or campaign funds, run for partisan office, or work for partisan campaigns, endorse partisan candidates or be party delegates, take a civil service test
67
Sc parties
both have primaries
68
Types of Primaries and elections in SC
``` General elections: mid term and presedential Primary Elections: Closed primary Open Primary Blanket Primary-not in SC Runoff Primary ```
69
Closed Primary
Registered in party example republican found in New England, Penn, NJ, NY ande MI
70
Open Primary
not registered Party- choose one party
71
Blanket Primary
tally sheet Dem-Rep crossover
72
Runoff
not 50% vote- state level only
73
Vote
Tuesday after the first Monday in November
74
Federal office elections
even numbered years
75
Presidential Elections
every 4years
76
Congress
every two years for house (all) 2014
77
Senate
1/3rd Lindsey Graham
78
Mid Term
no presidential candidates
79
odd years
some states have elections in odd years

Government (2 decks)

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