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Therapeutic Modalities > Electrical Stimulant Current > Flashcards

Electrical Stimulant Current Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Ions

A

A positively or negatively charged particle

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2
Q

Electrical Potential

A

The difference between charged particles at a higher and lower potential

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3
Q

Electron

A

Fundamental particles of matter possessing a negative electrical charge and cery small mass

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4
Q

Electrical current

A

The net movement of electrons along a conducting medium

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5
Q

Ampere

A

Unit of measure that indicates the rate at which electrical current is flowing

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6
Q

Coulomb

A

Indicates the number of electronflowing in a current

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7
Q

Current

A

The flow of electrons

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8
Q

Volt

A

The electromotive force that must be applied to produce a movement of electrons. A measureof electrical power

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9
Q

Voltage

A

The force resulting from an accumulation of electrons at one point in an electrical circuit, usually corresponding to a deficit of electrons at another point in the circuit

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10
Q

Conductors

A

Materials that permit the free movement of electrons

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11
Q

Conductance

A

The ease with which a current flows along a conducting medium

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12
Q

Insulators

A

Materials that resist current flow

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13
Q

Resistance

A

The opposition to electron flow in a conducting material

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14
Q

Electrical Impedance

A

The opposition to electron flow in a conducting material

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15
Q

Ohm

A

A unit of measure that indicates resistance to current flow

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16
Q

Ohm`s Law

A

The current in an electrical circuit is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance.

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17
Q

Watt

A

A measure of electrical power (watt = volt x ampere)

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18
Q

Alternating current

A

Current that periodically changes its polarity or direction of flow.

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19
Q

Biphasic current

A

Another name for alternating current in which the direction of current flow reverses direction

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20
Q

Direct Current

A

Galvanic current that always flows in the same direction and may flow in wither a positive or negative direction

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21
Q

Monophasic Current

A

Another name for direct current, in which the direction of current flow remains the same

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22
Q

Pulsatile currents

A

Contain three or more pulses grouped together and can be unidirectional or bidirectional

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23
Q

Current flow formula

A

Current flow = voltage / amperes

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24
Q

Transcutaneous electrical stimulator

A

All therapeutic electrical generator regardless of whether they deliver biphasic, monophasic, or pulsatile currents through electrodes attached to the skin

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25
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS)
A transcutaneous electrical stimulator used to stimulate peripheral nerves
26
Neuromuscular electrical stimulator (NMES)
Also called an electrical muscle stimulator (EMS), it is used to stimulate muscle directly, as would be the case with denervated muscle where peripheral nerves are not functioning
27
Microcurrent electrical nerve stimulator (MENS)
Used primarily in tissue healing, the current intensities too small to excite peripheral nerves
28
Low-intensity stimulator (LIS)
Another more current term for MENS
29
Microcurrent
The term most commonly used to refer to MENS or LIS
30
Frequency
The number of cycles or pulses per second
31
Waveform
The shape of an electrical current as displayed on an oscilloscope
32
Amplitude
The intensity of current flow as indicated by the height of the waveform from baseline
33
Duration
Sometimes also referred to as pulse width. Indicates the lenght of time the current is flowing
34
Pulse
An individual waveform
35
Phases
That portion of the pulse that rises above or below the baseline for some period of time
36
Cycle
Applies to biphasic current
37
Interphase interval
The interruptions between individual pulses or group of pulses
38
Interpulse interval
The period of time between individual pulses
39
Pulse Charge
The total amount of electricity being delivered to the patient during each pulse
40
Rate of rise
How quickly a waveform reaches its mazimum amplitude
41
Decay time
The time required for a wavelenght to fo from peak amplitude to 0V
42
Accommodation
Adaptation by the sensory receptors to various stimuli over an extended period of time
43
Pulsed period
The combined time of the pulse duration and the interpulse interval
44
Modulation
Refers to any alteration in the magnitude or any variation in the duration of an electrical current
45
Medical Galvanism
Creates either an acidic or alkaline environment that may be of therapeutic value
46
Iontophoresis
Uses continuous direct current to drive ions into the tissues
47
Bursts
A combined set of three or more pulses; also referred to as packets or envelopes
48
Interburst intervals
Interruptions between individual bursts
49
Ramping
Another name for surging modulation, in which the current builds gradually to some maximum amplitude
50
Circuit
The path of current from a generating source though the various components back to the generating source.
51
Series Circuit
A circuit in which there is only one path for current to get from one terminal to another
52
Parallel Circuit
A circuit in which two or more routs exist for current to pass between the two terminals.
53
Tetany
Muscle condition that is caused by hyperexcitation and results in cramps and spasms
54
Tetanization
When individual muscle twitch responses can no longer be distinguished and the responses force maximum shortening of the stimulated muscle fiber
55
Cathode
The negatively charged electrode
56
Anode
The positively charged electrode
57
Current Density
Amount of current flow per cubic area
58
Action Potential
A recorded change in electrical potential between the inside and outside of a nerve cell, resulting in muscular contraction
59
Depolarization
Process or act of neutralizaing the cells membrane's resting potential
60
Absolute refractary period
Brief period (0.5 microsec) following membrane depolarization during which the membrane is incapable of depolarizing again
61
Rheobase
The specific intensity of current necessary to cause an observable tiddue response given a long current duration
62
Chronaxie
The duration of time necessary to cause observable tissue excitation, given a current intensity of two times rheobasic current
63
All-or-non response
The depolarization of nerve or muscle membrane is the same once a depolarizing intensity threshould is reached; further increases in intensity do not increase the response
64
Denervated muscle
A muscle that doesn ot have nerve innervation
65
Frequency window selectivity
Celluar responses may be triggered by a certain electrical frequency

Therapeutic Modalities (4 decks)

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