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Energy Efficiency in Electrical Systems > Electrical Systems > Flashcards

Electrical Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Components of Electric power supply system?

A
  1. Generating unit
  2. High voltage transmission lines
  3. Distribution lines
  4. Substations
  5. Energy control centers
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2
Q

What are the types of fossil fuels?

A

There are three types of fossil fuels which can all be used for energy provision; coal, oil and natural gas.

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3
Q

What are the main sources of power generation plant in Bangladesh?

A

Coal, nuclear, natural gas, hydroelectric, wind, and oil

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4
Q

What is Co-generation?

A

Co-generation or combined heat and power is the use of a heat engine or power station to generate electricity and useful heat at the same time.

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5
Q

What is the percentage of natural gas power generation plant in Bangladesh?

A

58%

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6
Q

What is the total installed capacity of power plant?

A

20,133 MW

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7
Q

What is Peak demand?

A

Peak demand on a electrical grid is simply the highest electrical power demand that has occurred over a specified time period.

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8
Q

Which kind of oil are used in thermal power plant?

A

Diesel oil and Furnace oil

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9
Q

What is the range of allowable frequency variation per grid in Bangladesh?

A

49 to 51 Hz

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10
Q

What is the production capacity of the alternating current of electricity of power plant?

A

Power plants typically produce 50 cycle/second (Hertz) alternating-current (AC) electricity with terminal voltage of different generators are 11 KV, 11.5 KV and 15.75 KV

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11
Q

What is included in transmission & distribution network?

A

substations, line, & distribution transformer

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12
Q

What does high voltage transmission do?

A

High voltage transmission is used so that smaller, more economical wire sizes can be employed to carry the lower current and to reduce losses.

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13
Q

What is electrical grid or power grid?

A

An electrical grid, electric grid or power grid, is an interconnected network for delivering electricity from producers to consumers.

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14
Q

What is reactance?

A

Reactance is the resistance offered to the ac currents by inductors and capacitors only.

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15
Q

What is used to form the transmission path?

A

Copper or aluminium conductors

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16
Q

What is included in circuit interrupting devices?

A

switches, relays, circuit breakers, and fuses

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17
Q

What is used to protect the power plant system?

A

Relays sense abnormal voltages, currents, and frequency.

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18
Q

What is the range of weighted efficiency?

A

40-45 %

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19
Q

What is Inductor?

A

An inductor, also called a coil, choke, or reactor, is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in a magnetic field when electric current flows through it.

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20
Q

What is electrical frequency?

A

Electrical frequency is the measure of the rate of that oscillation and is measured in the number of changes per second – also called hertz (Hz).

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21
Q

What is electrical conductor?

A

A conductor is an object or type of material that allows the flow of charge in one or more directions.

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22
Q

What is power factor?

A

The ratio of the actual electrical power dissipated by an AC circuit to the product of the r.m.s. values of current and voltage.

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23
Q

what is r.m.s value?

A

The R.M.S (root mean square) value is the effective value of a varying voltage or current.

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24
Q

What is step-up transformer?

A

A transformer in which the output (secondary) voltage is greater than its input (primary) voltage is called a step-up transformer.

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25
Q

What is step- down transformer?

A

A Step Down Transformer is a device which converts high primary voltage to a low secondary voltage.

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26
Q

What is switchgear?

A

In an electric power system, switchgear is composed of electrical disconnect switches, fuses or circuit breakers used to control, protect and isolate electrical equipment.

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27
Q

What is actual energy?

A

Actual energy is a measure, transmissible, and transformable condition, whose presence causes a substance to tend to change its state in one or more respects.

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28
Q

What is reactive power?

A

The power which moves back and froth between the load and source such type of power is known as the reactive power.

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29
Q

What is active power?

A

The active power is the real power which is dissipated in the circuit.

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30
Q

What is apparent power?

A

The combination of reactive power and true power is called apparent power.

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31
Q

What is instantaneous demand?

A

Instantaneous demand is the summation of integrated demand and the controlled demand.

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32
Q

What is diversity factor?

A

Diversity factor is the ratio of the sum of the individual non-coincident maximum loads of various subdivisions of the system to the maximum demand of the complete system.

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33
Q

What is electricity tariff structure?

A

The electricity tariff (or rate) structure is the combination of rates, additional charges, and other rules that determine how your electricity bill is calculated.

34
Q

What is tariff concession?

A

A tariff concession assists in reducing costs for imported goods, for instance, where suitable alternative goods are not locally produced or manufactured.

35
Q

What is load curve?

A

Presenting the load demand of a consumer against time of the day is known as a load curve.

36
Q

What is load factor?

A

The load factor can also be defined as the ratio of the energy consumed during a given period to the energy, which would have been used if the maximum demand had been maintained throughout that period.

37
Q

Which type of power is needed in Inductive loads?

A

Two types of power such as-Active power and reactive power.

38
Q

What is shaft power?

A

The shaft power is required transferred from the motor to the shaft of the pump - depends on the efficiency of the pump.

39
Q

What is pure inductive circuit?

A

The circuit which contains only inductance and not any other quantities like resistance and capacitance in the Circuit is called a Pure inductive circuit.

40
Q

What is maximum demand?

A

It is the highest demand of load on the power station during a given period.

41
Q

What is H.T capacitor?

A

HT capacitors are manufactured from high quality high tension capacitor Al foil as electrode. capacitor consist number of element in series/parallel with/without fuses.

42
Q

What is synchronous/induction motor?

A

An induction motor or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding.

43
Q

What is power factor penalty?

A

An electric rate may also include additional charges when the customer has a power factor less than some preset limit, typically between 80 and 90 percent. This is called a power factor penalty.

44
Q

What are resistive loads?

A

Resistive loads are typically used to convert current into forms of energy such as heat.

45
Q

What is induction furnaces?

A

An induction furnace is an electrical furnace in which the heat is applied by induction heating of metal.

46
Q

What is arc furnaces?

A

An electric arc furnace is a furnace that heats charged material by means of an electric arc.

47
Q

What is the welding transformer?

A

Welding Transformers are used in AC machines to change alternating current from the power line into a low-voltage, high amperage current in the secondary winding.

48
Q

What is controlgear?

A

Controlgear is a collective term for electrical disconnect switches, fuses, and circuit breakers used to control, protect and isolate electrical equipment

49
Q

What is circuit breaker?

A

A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit.

50
Q

What is fuse?

A

A fuse is a small, thin conductor designed to melt and separate into two pieces for the purpose of breaking a circuit in the event of excessive current.

51
Q

What is primary & secondary winding?

A

The primary winding is the coil that draws power from the source. The secondary winding is the coil that delivers the energy at the transformed or changed voltage to the load.

52
Q

What is dielectric material?

A

A dielectric material is a substance that is a poor conductor of electricity, but an efficient supporter of electrostatic field

53
Q

What is shunt capacitor?

A

Shunt means parallel. A capacitor connected in parallel to a load or supply point is a shunt capacitor.

54
Q

What is voltage regulation?

A

Voltage regulation is a measure of change in the voltage magnitude between the sending and receiving end of a component.

55
Q

What are the two main types of transformer?

A

Power transformer & Distribution transformer.

56
Q

What is the power rating of a transformer?

A

The power rating of a transformer is the maximum power in that the transformer can sustain by supplying more power than that the transformer winding will be damage. The output and input power of the transformer is same.

57
Q

What is core loss/ No load loss?

A

Core loss is the loss that occurs in a magnetic core due to alternating magnetization, which is the sum of the hysteresis loss and the eddy current loss

58
Q

What is hysteresis loss?

A

Hysteresis loss is due to the reversal of magnetization of transformer core whenever it is subjected to alternating nature of magnetizing force .

59
Q

What is eddy current loss?

A

Eddy current loss is conductive I2R loss produced by circulating currents induced in response to AC flux linkage, flowing against the internal resistance of the core.

60
Q

What is copper loss?

A

Copper loss is the term often given to heat produced by electrical currents in the conductors of transformer windings, or other electrical devices.

61
Q

What is electrical impedance?

A

Electrical impedance is the measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied.

62
Q

What is voltage fluctuation?

A

Voltage fluctuation is a continuous change in the voltage when devices or appliances that require a higher load are extensively used.

63
Q

What is a nuisance trip?

A

Nuisance trips are clearly defined as unwarranted circuit breaker trips with either no electrically based reason for the trips, or, the breaker deems there to be a fault when one does not exist.Nuisance tripping is not the tripping of a breaker when doing its designed function.

64
Q

What type of top changing method?

A

There are two methods of tap changing such as-

  1. Off circuit tap changer and
  2. On load tap changer
65
Q

What is voltage ratio?

A

The ratio of primary voltage to secondary voltage is known as the voltage ratio (VR).

66
Q

What is bus coupler?

A

Bus coupler is a device which is used to couple one bus to the other without any interruption in power supply and without creating hazardous arcs. Bus coupler is a breaker used to couple two busbars in order to perform maintenance on other circuit breakers associated with that busbar.

67
Q

What is busbar?

A

A busbar is a metallic strip or bar, typically housed inside switchgear, panel boards, and busway enclosures for local high current power distribution.

68
Q

What is dry type transformer?

A

Dry-type transformers, also known as cast resin transformers, are power transformers with windings encased in epoxy resin. This makes the installation process easier because they are dry and do not require cooling oil

69
Q

What is Amorphous material?

A

Amorphous material is one kind of nonequilibrium material; its characteristic of atomic arrangement is more like liquid and has no long-range periodicity. The glass-forming ability of an alloy is closely related to its composition, and is quite different in various alloys.

70
Q

What is Amorphous core material?

A

The core material is generally formed from an alloy of iron, silicon and boron. The amorphous alloy is a non-crystalline substance created by rapidly cooling the alloy from a high temperature liquid to a solid form.

71
Q

What is harmonic?

A

Harmonics are unwanted higher frequencies which superimposed on the fundamental waveform creating a distorted wave pattern. In an AC circuit, a resistance behaves in exactly the same way as it does in a DC circuit. That is, the current flowing through the resistance is proportional to the voltage across it.

72
Q

What is linear voltage?

A

Linear regulators are step-down converters, meaning that the output voltage will always be less than the input voltage.

73
Q

What is diode?

A

A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts current primarily in one direction; it has low resistance in one direction, and high resistance in the other.

74
Q

What is rectifier?

A

A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current, which periodically reverses direction, to direct current, which flows in only one direction.

75
Q

What is thyristor?

A

A thyristor has three terminals: anode (positive terminal), cathode (negative terminal), and gate (control terminal). The gate controls the flow of current between the anode and cathode.

76
Q

What is harmonic distortion?

A

Harmonic distortion is defined as the ratio of harmonics to fundamental when a (theoretically) pure sinewave is reconstructed, and is the most common specification.

77
Q

What is poor power quality?

A

Poor power quality describes any supply that deviates from this ideal, whether or not the deviation is important depends on the purpose of the installation, the design of the equipment and the design of the installation.

78
Q

What is sinusoidal current?

A

A sinusoidal current is evenly alternating sine wave currents having a frequency of 50 HZ. It gives 100 pulses or phases in one second of 10 ms each, 50 in one direction and 50 in the other. It can generate by reducing the voltage in 60 or 80 volts with the step-down transformer.

79
Q

What is capacitor bank?

A

A Capacitor Bank is a group of several capacitors of the same rating that are connected in series or parallel with each other to store electrical energy.

80
Q

What is harmonic filter?

A

A harmonic filter is a device that reduces, or mitigates, harmonics to tolerable levels.

81
Q

What is band pass filter?

A

A band pass filter is a device that passes frequencies within a certain range and rejects frequencies outside that range.

82
Q

What is passive filter?

A

Passive implementations of linear filters are based on combinations of resistors (R), inductors (L) and capacitors (C). These types are collectively known as passive filters, because they do not depend upon an external power supply and/or they do not contain active components such as transistors.

Energy Efficiency in Electrical Systems (2 decks)

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