electricity Flashcards
(23 cards)
Electric Charge Definition
A property of matter that causes it to experience a force when near other electrically charged matter
Proton definition
Positively charged particle found within the nucleus of an atom
Electron definition
Negatively charged particle that can move from one atom to another
Net Charge definition
of protons subtracted by # of electrons
Neutral object definition
an object that has an equal amount of protons and electrons
Electric force
The attraction or repulsion between electrically charged objects
Electric field
the space around a charged object where other objects experience an electric force
Charging by Induction definition
Charging a neutral object by rearranging it’s electrons without direct contact
Induced charge separation definition
movement of electrons within a neutral object caused by a nearby charged object
What is an Insulator
An object where electrons cannot move/transfer within itself or outside of itself very easily
What is a conductor
An object where electrons can easily move within itself or outside of itself
What is an electroscope
any of various instruments for detecting the presence of an electric charge
Three rules of electric charges
Opposite charges attract
Like charges repel
The strength of the electric force increases with greater charge and decreases with distance
What is grounding?
connecting an object to the ground in order to use the Earth to neutralize it.
name two types of electroscopes
Pith ball on a string
gold leaf electroscope
three types of charging
charging by induction
charge by friction
charge by friction
how does lightning work
When a large enough flow of electrons comes within 100m of the ground, a large flow of positive ions jumps from the ground
Lightning rod definition
A metal sphere attached to the highest point of a building which is connected to the ground
Electric precipitator definition
Dust particles and liquid in polluted gas becomes positively charged when they come in contact with a wire. These particles collide with the negative collection plates and are collected so cleaner gas can exit on the other side.
Spray painting with electricity
The paint is given a charge as it leaves the nozzle and the object to be painted is given the opposite charge thus the particles are attracted
Photocopiers
A light passes through a paper onto selenium. The white paper makes a higher charge so electrons move to neutralise it while dark areas retain a positive charge
Radiation Dosimeter
When radiation knocks out gas atoms the gas becomes a conductor and there is a charge transfer between the gas and electroscope
