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BMET Course 5 > Electrocardiographs > Flashcards

Electrocardiographs Flashcards

1
Q

Transducers

A

convert the biopotentials of the patient to electrical signals that the medical device can interpret

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2
Q

Resistive Transducer

A

any element that changes its resistance as a function of a physical variable, pressure causes displacement, causes a change in resistance, moving the arm of the potentiometer

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3
Q

Strain Gauge

A

Yields to stretching forces that causes changes in resistance, uses fine resistive wire

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4
Q

Thermistor

A

changes resistive value in a predictable manner with changes in temperature, has a negative or positive temperature coefficient, positive coeff.: as temp increase, resistance increase, Negative coeff.: as temp increase, resistance decreases

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5
Q

Solid State PN Junction

A

resistance decreases as temperature increases (negative temperature coefficient)

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6
Q

Doppler Effect

A

As sound waves hit a moving object, frequency will change, the measured frequency shift is proportional to the change in velocity

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7
Q

Ultrasound Transducer

A

sends sound waves with transmitter, receives reflected sound waves, converts them into electrical output, used for ultrasound monitoring

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8
Q

Inductive Transducer

A

physical movements of a permeable core within an inductor Effects: iron/ferrite core inside of coil, magnetic field of the core

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9
Q

Capacitive Transducer

A

causes capacitance of the transducer to vary with stimulus Uses: stationary plate or plates, moveable plate that changes position under the influence of a stimulus

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10
Q

Thermocouple

A

two dissimilar conductors or semiconductors joined together at one end (junction), when the junction is heated, a potential is generated, electrons begin to flow

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11
Q

Electrodes

A

a device that converts ionic potentials into electronic potentials

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12
Q

Electrocardiographs (small voltage?)

A

record small voltages about 1 mV that appear on the skin surface as a result of cardiac activity

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13
Q

Suction Cup Electrode

A

used for connecting portions of the body other than the extremities (head, face chest) Disadvantage: prone to movement or slippage during long recordings

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14
Q

Plate Electrode

A

connected to a patient’s extremities, held in place by a rubber strap

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15
Q

Column Electrode

A

reduces motion artifact generated by patient movement by eliminating electrode slippage, held in place by adhesive, used for long term applications

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16
Q

Needle Electrode

A

disposable, stainless steel hypodermic needles, two to six inches in length Uses: EEG monitoring, ECG monitoring, EMG monitoring, fetal ECG monitoring,

17
Q

Bipolar Lead Configuration

A

Lead 1: measures voltage between LA and RA
Lead 2: measures voltage between RA and LL
Lead 3: measures voltage between LA and LL

18
Q

Augmented Vector

A

measures the voltage between one limb electrode and the average of the remaining two limb electrodes (indifferent electrode)

19
Q

Precordial

A

Chest electrodes labeled v1 through v6, measures the voltage between one chest electrode and the average of all limb electrodes

20
Q

electrocardiograph

A

a medical device for diagnosing diseases such as cardiac arrhythmias, conduction disorders, electrolyte imbalances, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarctions

21
Q

intended purpose of ECG

A

detect the electrical activity of the heart, record small voltages 1mv that appear on the skins surface

22
Q

ECG artifact

A

the wave that arises from sources other than the heart (noise)

23
Q

Asystole

A

a form of cardiac arrest in which the heart stops beating and there is no electrical activity in the heart (flatline)

24
Q

Cardiac Arrest

A

electrical malfunction of the heart that causes an arrhythmia and disrupts the pumping action of the heart

25
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

a graphic record of voltage versus time (screen or print out)of the electrical activity of the heart produced by an electrocardiograph

26
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

a graphic record of voltage versus time (screen or print out)of the electrical activity of the heart produced by an electrocardiograph

27
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

Heart attack, circulation problem in the muscular tissues of the heart , blood is blocked from reaching the tissues of the heart

28
Q

Normal Sinus Rhythm

A

all measurements of an ECG that fall within normal limits of the characteristic of an ECG when the electrical conduction system of the heart is functioning normally

29
Q

P- Wave

A

begins with an electrical impulse from the SA node, both atria depolarize (contract) and produce electrical activity

30
Q

PR Segment

A

measures from the onset of the P-Wave to the onset of the QRS Complex, electrical impulse from atria passes to AV node, the AV node is depolarized (contracted) .12 to .20 seconds

31
Q

QRS complex

A

represents electrical impulse: travels from bundle of HIS, into bundle branches, into purkinje fibers, into the myocardial cells, causing ventricular contraction, depolarization of ventricles, represents systolic pressure

32
Q

Q- Wave
R-Wave
S- Wave

A

Q Wave: the first down stroke of the QRS complex
R Wave: first upward deflection of the QRS complex
S Wave: first downward stroke after R wave

33
Q

ST segment

A

used to identify myocardial infarctions, the interval between depolarization (S-Wave) and repolarization (T-Wave)

34
Q

T Wave

A

represents repolarization of the ventricles back to the resting state, diastolic pressure

35
Q

ECG Heart Rate using ECG

A

cardiologist can measure heart rate by measuring the R to R interval of successive QRS waves

36
Q

Electrocardiogram provides 2 key types of info

A

time intervals of an ECG and amount of electrical activity passing through the heart

37
Q

Electrocardiogram standard format

A

4 Lead configurations per line X 2.5sec of recording per lead configuration + 3 ids- holding three specific lead configurations for 10 seconds

38
Q

ECG Signals detected

A

0.05 to 100 Hz for diagnostic purposes

BMET Course 5 (4 decks)

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