Electrolysis - Paper ??

Question 1

What type of ions do metals typically form?

Answer 1

Cations

Question 2

What type of ions do non-metals usually form?

Answer 2

Anions

Question 3

Define Cation

Answer 3

Positively charged ion

Question 4

Define Anion

Answer 4

Negatively charged ion

Question 5

How is a cation formed?

Answer 5

An atom loses electrons, becoming positive, to obtain a full outer shell (typically metals)

Question 6

How is an anion formed?

Answer 6

An atom gains electrons, becoming negative, to obtain a full outer shell (typically non-metals)

Question 7

Define Ion

Answer 7

Electrically charged particle formed when an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons

Question 8

Define charge

Answer 8

Property of matter that causes a force when near another charge

Question 9

Describe the structure of a cation in terms of subatomic particles

Answer 9

More protons than electrons
Full outer shell of electrons

Question 10

In the electrolysis of aqueous solutions, what is the rule for determining which ion will be reduced (gain electrons) at the cathode (negative electrode)?

Answer 10

Always be the H+ ion, unless Cu2+ is present
Always the ion of the least reactive element

Copper is the only metal (in the reactivity series that we learn anyways) above less reactive that hydrogen - further down the reactivity series than hydrogen
Please - Potassium
Stop - Sodium
Like - Lithium
Calling - Calcium
Me - Magnesium
A - Aluminium
Careless - Carbon
Zebra - Zinc
It’s - Iron
Tiring - Tin
Look - Lead
How - Hydrogen
Can - Copper
Shiven - Silver
Go - Gold
Platinum

Question 11

In electrolysis, which direction do the electrons travel?

Answer 11

Anode ➔ Cathode

Positive to negative - the direction of conventional current

Question 12

In the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride, NaCl (aq), which four ions would be present in the electrolyte?

Answer 12

Sodium ions (Na+)
Chloride ions (Cl-)
Hydrogen ions (H+)
Hydroxide ions (OH-)

Question 13

In the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride, NaCl (aq), which of the four ions will be reduced at the cathode (negative electrode)?

Answer 13

H+

The rule is that it will always be the H+ ion, unless Cu2+ is present - always the atom of the least reactive element - all metals are above Hydrogen in the reactivity series apart from copper (and the inert silver, gold and platinum)
In this case the positive ions are H+ and Na+, so it will be the H+ which is reduced.