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Nur 1175 Fundamentals > Electrolyte And Acid _ Base Balance > Flashcards

Electrolyte And Acid _ Base Balance Flashcards

(107 cards)

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1
Q

Metabolic Acidosis Symptoms

A
  • Hypoventilation → Hypoxia
  • Rapid, Shallow Respirations
  • ↓BP with Vasodilation
  • Dyspnea
  • Headache
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Dysrhythmias (↑K)
  • Drowsiness, Dizziness, Disorientation
  • Muscle Weakness, Hyperreflexia
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2
Q

Respiratory Acidosis Symptoms

A
  • Hypoventilation
  • rapid, shallow respirations
    -↓ BP with Vasodilaton
  • Dyspnea
  • Headache
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Dysrhythmias (↑K)
  • Drowsiness, Dizziness, Disorientation
  • Muscle Weakness, Hyperflexia
  • ↓pH
  • ↑pCO2
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3
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis Symptoms

A

-seizures
- Deep, Rapid Breathing
- Hyperventilation
- Tachycardia
- ↓ or Normal BP
- Hypokalemia
- Numbness & Tingling of Extremities
- Lethargy & Confusion
- Light Headedness
- Nausea, Vomiting

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4
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis Symptoms

A
  • Restlessness Followed by Lethargy
  • Dysrhythmias (Tachycardia)
  • Compensatory Hypoventilation
  • Confusion (↓LOC, Dizzy, Irritable)
  • Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea
  • Tremors, Muscle Cramps, Tingling of Fingers & Toes
  • Hypokalemia
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5
Q

Foods High in Sodium

A
  • Bacon
  • Beef Cubes
  • Ketchup
  • Corned Beef
  • Decaffeinated Coffee
  • Ham
  • Tomato Juice
  • Dill Pickles
  • Soda
  • Crackers
  • Processed Foods
  • Canned Goods
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6
Q

Foods High in Potassium

A
  • Plums
  • Bananas
  • Broccoli
  • Peanuts
  • Dried Fruit
  • Orange Juice
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7
Q

Foods High in Calcium

A
  • Dairy Products
  • Green Leafy Vegetables
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8
Q

Foods High in Magnesium

A
  • Nuts
  • Peanut Butter
  • Fruits
  • Fish
  • Seafood
  • Grains
  • Dark Green Leafy Vegetables
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9
Q

Foods High in Chloride

A
  • Table Salt
  • Sea Salt
  • Vegetables
  • Seaweed
  • Rye
  • Tomatoes
  • Lettuce
  • Celery
  • Olives
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10
Q

Foods High in Bicarbonate

A
  • Baking Soda
  • Baking Powder
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11
Q

Foods High in Phosphate

A
  • Whole-Grain Cereals
  • Nuts
  • Milk
  • Meat
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12
Q

Function of Sodium

A

Major contributor to maintaining water balance

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13
Q

Function of Potassium

A

Is necessary for glycogen deposits in the liver and skeletal muscle, transmission and conduction of nerve impulses, normal cardiac conduction, and skeletal and smooth muscle contraction

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14
Q

Function of Calcium

A

Bone and teeth formation, blood clotting, hormone secretion, cell membrane integrity, cardiac conduction, transmission of nerve impulses, and muscle contraction

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15
Q

Function of Magnesium

A

Essential for enzyme activities, neurochemical activities, and cardiac and skeletal muscle excitability

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16
Q

Function of Chloride

A

Major anion in ECF. The transport of chloride follows sodium

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17
Q

Function of Bicarbonate

A

The Bicarbonate ion is an essential component of the carbonic acid- bicarbonate buffering system essential to acid-base balance

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18
Q

Function of Phosphate

A

It assists in acid-base regulation. Phosphate and calcium help to develop and maintain bones and teeth. Phosphate also promotes normal neuromuscular action and participates in carbohydrate metabolism

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19
Q

Acidic

A

↑CO2 (carbon dioxide)
↓pH (potential of hydrogen)
↑Carbonic Acid
↓BE (base excess)
↑H (hudrogen)
↓HCO3 (sodium bicarbonate)

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20
Q

Alkalosis

A

↑pH
↓CO2
↑HCO3
↓H
↑BE

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21
Q

Normal Lab Value : Sodium

A

135 - 145 mEq/L

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22
Q

Normal Lab Value : Potassium

A

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

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23
Q

Normal Lab Value : Calcium (Total)

A

8.6 - 10.2 mg/dL

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24
Q

Normal Lab Value : Calcium (Ionized)

A

4.5 - 5.1 mg/dL

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25
Normal Lab Value : Magnesium
1.3 - 2.3 mEq/L
26
Normal Lab Value : Phosphorous
2.4 - 4.5 mg/dL
27
Normal Lab Value : Chloride
97 - 107 mEq/L
28
Normal Lab Value : Sodium Bicarbonate
25 - 29 mEq/L
29
Normal Lab Value : Hematocrit
Male : 42% - 50% Female : 40% - 48%
30
Normal Lab Value : Hemoglobin
Male : 13 - 18 g/dL Female : 12 - 16 g/dL
31
Normal Lab Value : Creatinine
0.7 - 1.4 mg/100mL
32
Normal Lab Value : Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
10 - 20 mg/100 mL
33
Normal Lab Value : Urine Specific Gravity
* 1.003 - 1.035
34
ABG
Arterial Blood Gas
35
Normal Lab Value : pH
7.35 - 7.45
36
Normal Lab Value : PaCO2
35 - 45 mm Hg
37
Normal Lab Value : PaO2
80 - 100 mm Hg
38
Normal Lab Value : O2 Saturation
95% - 100%
39
Normal Lab Value : HCO3
22 - 26 mEq/L
40
Normal Lab Value : Base Excess
-2 to +2 mmol/L
41
Cations
Positive charge
42
Anions
Negative charge
43
Hypervolemia
Excessive retention of water and sodium in ECF
44
Overhydration
Above-normal amounts of water in extracellular spaces
45
Edema
Excessive ECF accumulated in tissue spaces
46
Interstitial-to-plasma shift
Movement of fluid from space surrounding cells to blood
47
Hypovolemia
Deficiency in amount of water and electrolytes in ECF with near-normal water/electrolyte proportions
48
Dehydration
Decreased volume of water and electrolyte change
49
Third-Space fluid shift
Distributional shift of body fluids into potential body spaces
50
Solvents
Liquids that hold a substance in solution (water)
51
Solutes
Substances dissolved in a solution (electrolytes and nonelectrolytes)
52
Osmosis
Water passes from an area of lesser solute concentration to greater concentration until equilibrium is established
53
Diffusion
Tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent (“downhill”)
54
Active Transport
Requires energy for movement of substances through the cell membrane from the lesser solute concentration to the higher solute concentration
55
Capillary Filtration
Passage of fluid through a permeable membrane from the area of higher to lower pressure
56
Sensible Fluid Loss
Fluid actual “seen” as it is loss Kidneys: urine Intestinal tract: feces Skin: perspiration
57
Insensible water Loss
Fluid that is loss, but NOT seen Evaporation from skin Vapor lungs during expiration
58
Osmolarity
The concentration of particles in a solution, or it’s pulling power
59
Isotonic
Same concentration of particles as plasma (Between 275 and 295 mOsm/L)
60
Hypertonic
Greater concentration of particles than plasma (>295 mOsm/L)
61
Hypotonic
Lesser concentration of particles than plasma (<275 mOsm/L)
62
Sodium
Controlled and regulates volume of body fluids
63
Potassium
Chief regulator of cellular enzyme activity and water content
64
Calcium
Nerve impulse, blood clotting, muscle contraction, B12 absorption
65
Magnesium
Metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins, vital actions involving enzymes
66
Chloride
Maintains osmotic pressure in blood, produces hydrochloric acid
67
Bicarbonate
Body’s primary buffer system
68
Phosphate
Involved in important chemical reactions in the body, cell division, and hereditary traits
69
Acid
Substance containing hydrogen ions that can be liberated or released
70
Base
Substance that can trap hydrogen ions
71
Respiratory Acidosis
Primary excess of carbonic acid in ECF
72
Respiratory Alkalosis
Primary deficit of carbonic acid in ECF
73
Metabolic Acidosis
Proportionate deficit or bicarbonate in ECF
74
Metabolic Alkalosis
Primary excess of bicarbonate in ECF
75
Observe IV site for :
Redness Edema Drainage/Blood Warmth at the site
76
Interstitial Fluid
Fluid between the cells and the outside the blood vessels. Those fluids contain lymph
77
Intravascular Fluid
Blood plasma found in the vascular system
78
Normal serum osmolality
275 and 295 mOsm/L (mOsm/L = Milliosmoles per kilogram of water)
79
Capillary Filtration
Movement of water and diffusible substance across a membrane under pressure from higher to lower pressure
80
Active Transport
Movement of ions against osmotic pressure from an area of lower pressure to an area of higher pressure
81
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Stored in the posterior pituitary and is released when there is an increase in blood osmolality Prevents diuresis, causing the body to save water
82
Renin-Angiotension-Aldosterone Mechanism
Causes an increased vasoconstriction, which increases blood flow to the kidneys Overall effect is to retain sodium and water
83
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
Hormone that plays a critical role in the balance of fluid and electrolytes and the maintenance of vascular tone
84
Isotonic Solutions
Has the same osmolality as blood, like normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride)
85
Hypertonic Solution
3% sodium chloride will pull fluid from the cells, causing them to shrink
86
Hypotonic Solution
0.45% sodium chloride moves fluids into cells causing them to enlarge
87
Volume imbalance
Disturbance of the amount of fluid in the extracellular compartment
88
Osmolality Imbalance
Disturbances of the concentration of body fluid
89
Isotonic deficit or excess
Exist when water and electrolytes are gained or lost in equal proportions but osmolality (ions/molecules) remains unchanged
90
Osmolar Imbalances
Losses or excesses of water that affect the concentration (osmolality - ions/molecules) of the serum
91
Third-Space Fluid Shift
Distributional shift of body fluids into the transcellular compartment
92
Hydrostatic Pressure
Inside the capillary exceeds the surrounding interstitial space, fluids and solutes are forced out of the capillary wall into the interstitial space
93
What is Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
Most effective way to evaluate acid- base balances and oxygenation
94
What is pH
Measure hydrogen ion concentration in the body fluids Increase hydrogen ion = acidic Decreased hydrogen ion = alkalosis
95
What is PaCO2 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide
Reflection of the depth of pulmonary ventilation ↑PaCO2 = hypoventilation ↓PaCO2 = hyperventilation
96
What is PaO2 Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood
No primary role in acid-base regulation when it’s within normal limits
97
What is O2 Saturation
The point at which HGB is saturated by oxygen
98
What is base excess
Amount of blood buffer (HGB and bicarbonate) that exist ↑value = alkalosis ↓value = acidosis
99
What is bicarbonate
Major renal component of acid-base balance ↓bicarbonate = metabolic acidosis ↑bicarbonate = metabolic alkalosis
100
Neutral pH
7
101
A pH is less than 7 indicates
Acidic
102
A pH greater than 7 indicates
Alkaline
103
Severe diarrhea or renal disease can cause
Metabolic acidosis
104
How many kilograms is equal to one liter of fluid loss or retained
2.2 lbs
105
I&O is done for:
Surgical clients Clients whom condition(s) is/are unstable Febrile clients Fluid restrictions Receiving diuretic or IV therapy Clients with chronic cardiopulmonary or renal conditions Clients whose health status has become unstable
106
One ounce = ___________ cc or mL
30
107
Oral includes:
Water Milk Juice Ice cream Jello Soup Fluids with medications Sodas or carbonated drinks **pudding is dependent on institution policy**

Nur 1175 Fundamentals (1 decks)

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