Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

1 Rotations > Electrolyte Disorders > Flashcards

Electrolyte Disorders Flashcards

(56 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Lab value defining hypercalcemia

A

> 10.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Causes of hypercalcemia (2)

A

Hyperparathyroidism

Malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sxs of hypercalcemia (6)

A 
"Stones, bones, groans, psych overtones"
HTN
Constipation
Decreased DTRs/ hyporeflexia
Polyuria/ polydipsia
Lethary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

EKG findings of hypercalcemia

A

Shortened QT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Associated electrolyte disorders with hypercalcemia

A

Hyperparathyroidism

Hypophosphatemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment for hypercalcemia

A

Mild: none

Severe/ sxs: IV saline, furosemide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What should you NOT use in the treatment of hypercalcemia

A

HCTZ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lab value defining hypermagnesemia

A

> 2.6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes of hypermagnesemia

A

RARE
Renal insufficiency
Rhabdo
Increased Mg intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sxs of hypermagnesemia

A

Muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

EKG findings of hypermagnesemia

A

Prolonged QT, PR, wide QRS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Associated electrolyte imbalances with hypermagnesemia

A

Hypocalcemia

adverse effect of increased Mg due to temporary suppression of PTH secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment for hypermagnesemia

A

IV NS
Loop diuretics
IV calcium gluconate to reverse Mg toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lab value defining hyperkalemia

A

> 5.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sxs of hyperkalemia

A

Muscle fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

EKG findings of hyperkalemia

A

Peaked T waves

Prolonged QRS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Treatment for hyperkalemia

A

Insulin
Sodium bicarb + glucose
Calcium gluconate (typically only used if > 6.5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lab value defining hypernatremia

A

> 145

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Causes of hypernatremia

A

Body loss (diarrhea, sweat, diuretics)
Hyperglycemia
Burns
DI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sxs of hypernatremia

A 
Poor skin turgor
Dry mucous membranes
Flat neck veins
Hypotension
CNS dysfunction (confusion, lethargy, coma, muscle weakness)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Associated electrolyte imbalances with hypernatremia

A

Hyperglycemia

High BUN/ creatinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Treatment for hypernatremia

A

Hypotonic fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Lab value defining hyperphosphatemia

24
Q

Causes of hyperphosphatemia

Study These Flashcards
A

Renal failure >
Hypoparathyroidism
Vit D intoxication

25
Sxs of hyperphosphatemia
(due to hypocalcemia) | Muscle cramps, tetany, perioral numbness/ tingling
26
Associated electrolyte imbalances with hyperphosphatemia
Hypocalcemia | Hypoparathyroidism
27
Treatment for hyperphosphatemia
Acute: NS +/- hemodialysis Chronic: low phosphate diet + aluminum based phosphate binders
28
Lab value defining hypocalcemia
< 8.4
29
Causes of hypocalcemia
Hypoparathyroidism Hypomagnesemia Renal disease (if high PTH)
30
Sxs of hypocalcemia
Chovstek (touching cheek) Trousseu (BP cuff) Cramps, spasms, tetany Increased DTRs
31
EKG findings of hypocalcemia
Prolonged QT
32
Associated electrolyte imbalances with hypocalcemia
Hypoparathyroidism | Hyperphosphatemia
33
Treatment for hypocalcemia
Mild: PO Ca + vit D | Severe/ sxs: IV calcium gluconate/ carbonate
34
Lab value defining hypomagnesemia
< 1.8
35
Causes of hypomagnesemia
GI losses in malabsorption | RFs: alcoholics, diuretics, PPIs
36
Sxs of hypomagnesemia
Muscle weakness Hyperreflexia NM/ CNS hyperirritability
37
EKG findings of hypomagnesemia
Prolonged QT Torsades de pointes V-tach Flat T waves
38
Associated electrolyte imbalances with hypomagnesemia
Hypocalcemia | Hypokalemia
39
Treatment for hypomagnesemia
``` IV magnesium sulfate Oral magnesium (chronic) ```
40
Lab value defining hypokalemia
< 3.5
41
What is the most common electrolyte mediated ileus
hypokalemia
42
Sxs of hypokalemia
Muscle cramps/ weakness Hyporeflexia/ decreased DTRs Constipation
43
EKG findings of hypokalemia
Broad, flat/ inverted T waves | U waves
44
Associated electrolyte imbalances with hypokalemia
Hypomagnesemia
45
Treatment for hypokalemia
Potassium repletion
46
What type of liquids should NOT be given for hypokalemia
Dextrose
47
Lab value defining hyponatremia
< 135
48
Causes of hypervolemic hyponatremia
CHF, nephrotic, RF, cirrhosis
49
Causes of euvolemic hyponatremia
SIADH, steroids, hypothyroid
50
Causes of hypovolemic hyponatremia
Sodium loss, diuretics
51
Sxs of hyponatremia
CNS dysfunction (cerebral edema)- HAs, AMS, seizures Decreased DTRs Muscle cramps N/V
52
Treatment for hyponatremia
Free water restriction, IV NS Hypervolemic = hypertonic saline Correct slowly
53
Lab value defining hypophosphatemia
< 3.4
54
Causes of hypophosphatemia
Chronic alcohol abuse Diuretics Vit D deficiency Hyperglycemia
55
Sxs of hypophosphatemia
Mild asx | Sxs affecting: nervous, MSK, cardiac (low ATP)
56
Treatment for hypophosphatemia
Mild: PO phosphate Severe/ sxs: IV phosphate Hemodialysis if renal failure

1 Rotations (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions