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Electrolyte Imbalances Flashcards

1
Q

Hypernatremia levels

A

> 145

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2
Q

What are the causes of hypernatremia?(6)

A
  1. hypovolemic
  2. Diarrhea
  3. Diabetes Inspidus
  4. Sweating
  5. Fever
  6. Diuretics
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3
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of hypernatremia?(5)

A
  1. thirsty
  2. dry mucosa
  3. decreased skin turgor
  4. tachy
  5. hypotensive
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4
Q

What is the treatment for hypernatremia?(3)

A
  1. Normal saline
  2. tx underlying disease
  3. replace water deficinecy
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5
Q

What is the level for hyponatremia?

A

< 135

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6
Q

What is the cause of hyponatremia?

A

SIADH

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7
Q

What are the clinical signs of hyponatremia?(5)

A
  1. HA
  2. vomiting
  3. seizures
  4. ams
  5. cerebral edema
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8
Q

What is the treatment for hyponatremia?

A
  1. treat underlying cause
  2. fluid restriction
  3. do not increase more than 6-8 in 24 hrs
  4. oral salt
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9
Q

What is the level for hypokalemia?

A

< 3.5

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10
Q

What are the causes of hypokalemia?

A
  1. GI losses
  2. Beta 2 agonists
  3. Diuretics
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11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypokalemia?(5)

A
  1. EKG- ST depression
  2. muscle cramps
  3. weakness
  4. fatigue
  5. constipation
    CHAMPS
    Cramping, hypotension, arrythmia, malasia, polyuria, shallow resp

“low and slow”

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12
Q

What is the treatment for hypokalemia?

A
  1. oral potassium
  2. correct magnesium first
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13
Q

What is the levels for hyperkalemia?

A

> 5.0

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14
Q

what are the causes of hyperkalemia?

A
  1. hemolysis
  2. Renal failure
    3.CKD
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15
Q

What are s/s of hyperkalemia?

A
  1. EKG St elebation
  2. MURDER
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16
Q

What is the treatment for hyperkalemia?

A
  1. Calcium gluconate
  2. Glucose/ insluin
  3. Furosemia
  4. alburetrol
  5. hemodialysis
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17
Q

What are they causes of hypocalcemia?

A
  1. decreased intake
  2. increased secretion
  3. decreased Na
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18
Q

What are the s/s of hypocalcemia?

19
Q

What is the treatment for Hypocalcemia?

A

asymp: oral calcium
severe: IV calcium Gluconate

20
Q

What are the causes of hypercalcemia? (2)

A
  1. hyperparathyroidsims
  2. maligancy
21
Q

What are the s/s of hypercalcemia?

A

painful bones
renal stones
abdominal groans
constipation
psychiatric overtones
EKG: Short QT

22
Q

What is the mcc of hypophosphatemia?(4)

A

alcoholism
other refeeding syndrome
debateic ketoacidosis
respiratory alkalosis

22
Q

What is the treatment for hypercalcemia?

A

IV fluids
maligancy: Bisphosphinates

23
Q

What are they s/s of hypophostphatemia?

A

weakness and seizures

24
What is the mcc of hyperphosphatemia?
ESRD/ CKD
24
What is the treatment for hypophostphatemia?
1. PO/IV phosphate 2. NA phosphate 3. K phostphate
25
What are the s/s of hyperphosphatemia?
1. tetany 2. increased QT 3. CRAMPS
26
What is the treatment for hyperphosphatemia?
1. phosphate binders 2. hydrate 3. Ca acetate
27
What is the causes of hypomagnesium?
1. GI losses
28
What are the s/s of hypomag?
1.decreased deep tendon reflexes 2. weakness 3. cramps 4. HTN 5. EKG: increased QT 6. low Ca 7. low K 8. high Urine Mag
29
What is the treatment for hypomag?
IV mag Sulfate
30
What are the causes of hypermag?
1. CKD MCC 2. decreased mg excretion 3. antacids 4. laxatives
31
What are the s/s of hypermag?
EKG: QRS widening decreased serum Ca
32
What is the treatment for hypermag?
stop mag Ca chloride
33
If Ca decreased what increases?
phosphate and magnesium
34
If magnesium decreased what decreases as well?
K/ potassium
35
Hypercalcemia level?
> 10.5
36
hypocalcemia level?
<8.5
37
What is the treatment for hypercalcemia?
1. sodium chloride 2. furosemide 3. calcitonin 4. bisphosphonates (best ones)ie. pamidronate or zolendronic acid 5. dialysis (if others do not work)
38
What is the level of hypophostatemia?
<2.5
39
What is the level of hyperphosphatemia?
>4.5
40
What is the level of hypomagnesium?
<1.4
41
What arrythia does hypomagnesium cause?
Torsades de pointes
42
Hypermag level?
>1.8

Pharmacology (2 decks)

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