Electrolyte Imbalances Flashcards
(20 cards)
What electrolyte makes up 90% of the solute in extracellular fluid
Sodium
Osmotic pressure
the pulling force
Hydrostatic presure
The pushing force
What electrolyte helps with contractions and the conduction of nerve impulses
Sodium
Aldosterone is secreted by _________ and does what?
Adrenal glands, affects re absorption of sodium and water in the renal tubules
Antidiuretic Hormone
Secreted by the pituitary gland and affects how much fluid is lossed through urination
Affects of Hyponatremia on the bodies cells
Low osmotic pressure in the ECF and a high osmotic pressure in the cells causes water to shift into the cells and cause them to swell and blow up.
Affects of Hypernatremia on the bodies cells
High osmotic presure in the ECF and low osmotic pressure in the cells causes water to flow from the cells to the ECF. Causing the cells to shrivel up.
Process that causes hyperkalemia
Acidosis causes excess Hydrogen cations to be secreted. Excessive hydrogen ions in the blood stream start to go into the cells and displace the potassium ions inside those cells. The potassium then goes into the ECF.
Calcium balance is controlled by __________ and _____________
Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
What produces lactic acid?
Anaerobic metabolism of glucose
What produces ketones?
Incomplete oxidation of fatty acids
Carbonic Acid Buffering system Equation
CO2 + H20 <=> H2CO3+ <=> H+ + HC03-
Carbon dioxide, Water, Carbonic Acid, Hydrogen, Bicarbonate ion
How the respiratory system compensates for acidosis
Tachypnea in an attempt to blow off excess CO2
How the renal system compensates for acidosis
Kidneys excrete Hydrogen ions and retain bicarbonate ions
Presentation of Hypocalcemia
Increased permeability leads to excessive excitability and this causes muscle twitching and weaker cardiac contractions
What can cause hypercalcemia? Whats a complication of it?
Excessive parathyroid hormone secretion, and this causes demineralization of calcium in bones, leading to fractures.
Why does Albuterol work on Hyperkalemia?
It stimulates intracellular potassium reuptake through Beta 2 activation
What does calcium chloride do for Hyperkalemia?
IT antagonizes the harmful effects of potassium on the myocardium
Patients with burns, head injuries, neuromuscular disease, and nerve damage may develope extra acetylcholine receptors. Why would it be unsafe to give succinylcholine in these cases?
Succinylcholine causes extra potassium to be released from the muscles as a result of fasciculations. This potassioum can stimulate these receptors and possibly cause a cardiac arrhythmia.
