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Foundational Nursing Knowledge > Electrolytes > Flashcards

Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Normal serum range for

Sodium (Na+)

A

135-145 (mEq/L)

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2
Q

Normal serum range for

Potassium (K+)

A

3.5-5.2 (mEq/L)

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3
Q

Normal serum range for

Magnesium (Mg++)

A

1.5-2.5 (mEq/L)

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4
Q

Normal serum range for

Phosphorus (HPO4-)

A

2.5-4.5 (mg/dL)

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5
Q

Normal serum range for

Calcium (Ca++)

A

8.5-10.2 (mg/dL)

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6
Q

Normal serum range for

Chloride (Cl-)

A

95-105 (mEq/L)

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7
Q

Major functions of

Sodium (Na+)

A

1) Fluid distribution/balance
2) Muscle contraction
3) Nerve impulses

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8
Q

Major functions of

Potassium (K+)

A

1) Cardiac muscle activity

2) Skeletal muscle activity

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9
Q

Major functions of

Calcium (Ca++)

A

1) Bone and tooth formation
2) Muscle contraction and relaxation
3) Conduction of nerve impulses
4) Blood coagulation

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10
Q

Major functions of

Magnesium (Mg++)

A

1) Neuromuscular irritability & contractility
2) Cardiovascular functions
3) Stabilizes cell walls

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11
Q

Major functions of

Phosphorus (HPO4-)

A

1) Muscle and red blood cell function
2) Formation of ATP
3) Acid-base balance
4) Structural support for bones & teeth

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12
Q

Major functions of

Chloride (Cl-)

A

1) Osmotic pressure
2) Acid-base balance
3) Hydrochloric acid formation

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13
Q

Signs/symptoms of

Hyponatremia

A
  • Increased pulse, decreased BP, dry skin/poor turgor
  • Confusion, lethargy, headache, dizziness, muscle twitching, seizures
  • Abdominal cramps, nausea/vomiting
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14
Q

Signs/symptoms of

Hypernatremia

A
  • Increased pulse, increased BP, mild body temp elevation, pulmonary edema, thirst, dry mucus membranes
  • Mental status & behavioral changes, hallucinations, restless, twitching
  • Nausea/vomiting, anorexia
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15
Q

Signs/symptoms of

Hypokalemia

A
  • Decreased BP, EKG changes (flattened T-waves, prominent U-waves)
  • Fatigue, muscle weakness, leg cramps, paresthesias, hypoactive reflexes
  • Nausea/vomiting, constipation
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16
Q

Signs/symptoms of

Hyperkalemia

A
  • Dysrhythmias, EKG changes (tall T-waves, prolonged QRS)
  • Anxiety, irritability, muscle weakness and cramping
  • Diarrhea
17
Q

Signs/symptoms of

Hypocalcemia

A
  • Decreased BP, EKG changes (prolonged QT interval and ST), anxiety, irritability
  • Numbness/tingling, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, bronchospasm, impaired clotting time
  • Diarrhea
18
Q

Signs/symptoms of

Hypercalcemia

A
  • Increased BP, bradycardia, EKG changes (shortened ST segment & QT), flank pain, bone pain
  • Lethargy, hypoactive deep tendon reflexes, weakness
  • Polyuria, polydipsia, nausea/vomiting, constipation
19
Q

Signs/symptoms of

Hypomagnesemia

A
  • Increased BP, EKG changes (flat or inverted T-waves, PVCs), insomnia, mood changes
  • Increased deep tendon reflexes, neuromuscular irritability/hyperactivity
  • Vomiting, anorexia
20
Q

Signs/symptoms of

Hypermagnesemia

A
  • Decreased BP, flushing, diaphoresis, drowsiness, depressed respirations, EKG changes (peaked T-waves, prolonged PR and QRS)
  • Muscle weakness, hypoactive reflexes
21
Q

Signs/symptoms of

Hypophosphatemia

A
  • Chest pain, respiratory failure, tissue hypoxia
  • Confusion, muscle weakness, paresthesias, nystagmus, seizures
  • Bone pain & tenderness
22
Q

Signs/symptoms of

Hyperphosphatemia

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Tetany, hyperactive reflexes
  • Nausea/vomiting, anorexia
23
Q

Signs/symptoms of

Hypochloremia

A
  • Slow & shallow respirations, dysrhythmias, agitation, irritability
  • Tremors, muscle cramps, hypertonicity, tetany, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, seizures
24
Q

Signs/symptoms of

Hyperchloremia

A
  • Tachypnea, dyspnea, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, decreased cardiac output
  • Cognitive changes, lethargy, weakness
  • Pitting edema
25
Q

Common causes of

Hyponatremia

A

Diuretic use
Loss of GI fluids
Renal disease
Adrenal insufficiency

26
Q

Common causes of

Hypernatremia

A 
Dehydration
Diabetes insipidus
Hyperventilation
Diaphoresis
Watery diarrhea
27
Q

Common causes of

Hypokalemia

A 
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Diuretics
Gastric suction
Digoxin toxicity
28
Q

Common causes of

Hyperkalemia

A 
Renal failure
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Metabolic acidosis
Crush injury
Burns
Blood transfusions
Addison’s disease
29
Q

Common causes of

Hypocalcemia

A 
Decreased parathyroid hormone
Malabsorption disorders
Alkalosis
Pancreatitis
Increased phosphorus level
30
Q

Common causes of

Hypercalcemia

A 
Increased parathyroid hormone
Calcium supplement overuse
Renal failure
Acidosis
Prolonged immobilization
31
Q

Common causes of

Hypomagnesemia

A 
Chronic alcoholism
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Renal failure
Malabsorption disorders
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperaldosteronism
32
Q

Common causes of

Hypermagnesemia

A

Adrenal insufficiency
Renal failure
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hypothyroidism

33
Q

Common causes of

Hypophosphatemia

A

Alcohol withdrawal
Respiratory & metabolic alkalosis
Diuretic use
Antacid overuse

34
Q

Common causes of

Hyperphosphatemia

A

Renal failure
Respiratory & metabolic acidosis
Rhabdomyolysis

35
Q

Common causes of

Hypochloremia

A 
Addison’s disease
Chronic respiratory acidosis
Sodium deficiency
Excessive sweating
Vomiting
Diarrhea
36
Q

Common causes of

Hyperchloremia

A

Hypernatremia
Renal failure
Dehydration

Foundational Nursing Knowledge (1 decks)

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