Electrolytes

Question 0

Keeping this balance is vital for muscle and cardiac contraction, nerve impulse transmission and acid base balance

Answer 0

Sodium

Question 1

Is sodium the dominant cation in the extra cellular fluid or intracellular?

Answer 1

Extra cellular fluid

Question 2

This condition manifests headache, confusion, seizures, decreased consciousness (May lead to coma or death) restlessness, weakness

Answer 2

Hyponatremia

Question 3

What are four treatments for Hyponatremia

Answer 3

Lifestyle adjustment
Nutrition adjustment
Medication adjustment
Hypertonic IV solution

Question 4

This conditions manifests excitable membrane activity (cerebral, muscular, and cardiac function)

Answer 4

Hypernatremia

Question 5

What are three treatments for hypernatremia

Answer 5

Nutrition adjustment
Hypotonic IV solutions
Diuretics

Question 6

What is the normal range for potassium?

Answer 6

3.5-5.5 mEq

Question 7

Functions of this major intracellular cation include: the ability of nerve and muscle cells to depolarize/repolarize, cardiac impulse conduction and muscle contractility, electrical impulses in nerve, skeletal, and intestinal tissue, regulation of acid base balance, influences kidney function and intestinal absorption

Answer 7

Potassium

Question 8

What are four drugs that can increase chances of hypokalemia

Answer 8

Corticosteroids
Digoxin
Ace inhibitors
Laxative

Question 9

This condition may manifest a weak pulse, irregular heartbeat, flat or inverted t waves, increase digoxin toxicity levels, muscle weakness, muscle cramps, abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, anorexia, and reduced intestinal peristalsis

Answer 9

Hypokalemia

Question 10

What are two recommended administration routes of potassium

Answer 10

Oral or intravenously

Question 11

What are three treatments for hypokalemia

Answer 11

Correct the cause
Salt substitutes containing potassium
Potassium enriched foods

Question 12

Chronic kidney failure, cell trauma (burn victims, crush injuries, myocardial infarction), and potassium sparing diuretics all increase the chance of developing

Answer 12

Hyperkalemia

Question 13

This condition may manifest numbness, tingling, weakness, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, flaccid paralysis, respiratory difficulties and apathy

Answer 13

Hyperkalemia

Question 14

Cardiac changes of this condition will include distinctive and tall t waves, prolonged pr interval, qrs widens, v fib and asystole

Answer 14

Hyperkalemia

Question 15

Treatments include calcium gluconate, regular insulin, 50% dextrose (all 3 given together) hemodialysis, kayexalate, sodium bicarbonate

Answer 15

Hyperkalemia

Question 16

Increased calcium causes phosphorous to what

Answer 16

Decrease

Question 17

What is a normal value for calcium

Answer 17

8.5-10 mEq

Question 18

Calcium is absorbed where

Answer 18

In the GI Tract under influence of vitamin d

Question 19

Functions of this electrolyte include muscle contractile ability, correct neural function, development and strength of bones and teeth, blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contractions and relaxation, parathyroid hormones important part of this

Answer 19

Calcium

Question 20

How long before a meal should the nurse give a pt calcium to promote absorption?

Answer 20

Thirty minutes

Question 21

Starvation, hypoparathyroidism, renal failure, sepsis, Hypomagnesemia, and impaired intestinal absorption all increase the chances of developing

Answer 21

Hypocalcemia

Question 22

Manifestations of this condition include muscle spasms, twitching, cramping, tetany, positive chvosteks sign, positive trousseaus sign, seizures, bradycardia, decreased cardiac contractility, altered blood clotting, bleeding

Answer 22

Hypocalcemia

Question 23

What are the two preferred methods of administrating calcium

Answer 23

Oral or intravenously

Question 24

What three things should the nurse be cautious of using in a patient with hypocalcemia

Answer 24

Laxatives Antacids Phosphate enemas

Question 25

What three things should the nurse monitor in a patient with hypocalcemia

Answer 25

Calcium levels Albumin Clotting factors

Question 26

What is a electrolyte condition commonly seen in patients with multiple myeloma

Answer 26

Hypercalcemia

Question 27

This condition manifests confusion, personality changes, depression, pathologic fractures, heart block, constipation, renal calculi with flank pain, make sure to watch for development of DVTs

Answer 27

Hypercalcemia

Question 28

A nurse should encourage a patient with this electrolyte imbalance to take part in physical activity, take loop diuretics, increase fluid intake, monitor cardiac function, take calcium binders, treat malignancies and possibly hemodialysis

Answer 28

Hypercalcemia

Question 29

What is a normal value for phosphorous?

Answer 29

3.0-4.5

Question 30

This is a major anion in the ICF, 80% is in bones, vitamin d is needed to absorb this, assists ATP, kidneys essential part in excretion

Answer 30

Phosphorous

Question 31

Overuse of what two drugs can cause hypophasphatemia? Chronic alcoholism and rickets can also cause this

Answer 31

Maalox and amphogel

Question 32

Manifestations of this electrolyte imbalance are weakness is generalized and may be profound, shortness of breath, respiratory depression and decreased muscle tone may lead to respiratory arrest, unusual lumps because of fractures or changes in bone shape, slow and difficult pulses, metabolic issues

Answer 32

Hypophasphatemia

Question 33

What are 6 treatments for hypophosphatemia

Answer 33

``` phosphate supplements Iv phosphate Monitor calcium levels Nutrition intake Vitamin d supplements Calcitrol ```

Question 34

Renal failure patients, hypocalcemia, excessive intake of alkali, lymphomas, use of laxatives or enemas containing large amounts of phosphate all contribute to developing

Answer 34

Hyperphosphatemia

Question 35

Manifestations of this condition directly related to symptoms of hypocalcemia cardiac dysrhythmias, muscle twitching, tetany, soft tissue calcification, increased membrane excitability

Answer 35

Hyperphosphatemia

Question 36

Treatment for this antacids, aluminum hydroxide, monitor calcium levels, observe for tetany and cardiac dysrhythmias, calcimimeic

Answer 36

Hyperphosphatemia

Question 37

What is the normal range for the cation magnesium?

Answer 37

1.5-2.5

Question 38

Magnesium is responsible for what three things

Answer 38

Skeletal muscle contraction Carbohydrate metabolism ATP

Question 39

Magnesium has a potent

Answer 39

Vasodilation effect

Question 40

Depresses acetylcholine release at synapse, affects cardiovascular and nervous system, aids absorption of calcium from intestine, aids in cellular membrane traffic (k and na), cell metabolism, vasodilation, membrane stabilizer

Answer 40

Magnesium

Question 41

``` Chronic alcoholism Starvation renal disease Chrohns disease Acute or chronic pancreatitis Cardiac bypass all cause ```

Answer 41

Hypomagnesemia

Question 42

Manifestations of this electrolyte imbalance are hyper irritability, seizures, tetany, foot and leg cramps, tremors, ataxia, numbness, tingling of legs and feet, dizziness, arrhythmia's, flaccid, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes low serum calcium and potassium

Answer 42

Hypomagnesemia

Question 43

What are four treatments for Hypomagnesemia

Answer 43

IV magnesium IV calcium Reduce stimulation Monitor cardiac function

Question 44

Chronic renal failure and hyperparathyroidism increase chances of developing

Answer 44

Hypermagnesemia

Question 45

Manifestations of this condition include bradycardia, weak pulse, cardiac arrest, tremors, hyporeflexia (deep tendon reflexes absent), respiratory muscle paralysis, severe hypotension

Answer 45

Hypermagnesemia

Question 46

What are six treatments for Hypermagnesemia

Answer 46

``` Dialysis Cessation of antacids/laxatives Calcium gluconate Increase fluid intake Monitor cardiac/respiratory function Give loop diuretics ```