Electrolytes

Question 1

Most common electrolyte imbalance

Answer 1

potassium deficit or hypokalemia

Question 2

Normal Value of Potassium

Answer 2

3.5 - 5.1 mEq/L

Question 3

Avocadoes, cantaloupes, carrots, fish, mushrooms, oranges, potatoes, pork, beef, veal, raisins, spinach, strawberries, tomatoes = source of?

Answer 3

potassium

Question 4

What is Kayexalate? What does it do?

Answer 4

Hyperkalemia. It releases sodium ions in exchange for potassium ions and absorbs potassium into GI tract for excretion.

Question 5

Administering potassium supplement usually upsets which body system?

Answer 5

GI system. DC if GI problems occur.

Question 6

Normal Value for Sodium

Answer 6

135-145 mEq/L

Question 7

Bacon, butter, canned foods, cheeses, hot dogs, ketchup, lunch meats, milk, mustard, processed foods, snack foods, soy sauce, white and whole wheat bread = source of?

Answer 7

sodium

Question 8

When pt is taking lithium, what electrolyte should be closely monitored? What imbalance causes toxicity?

Answer 8

Sodium. Hyponatremia can cause lithium toxicity.

Question 9

Normal Value for Calcium

Answer 9

8.6 - 10 mg/dL

Question 10

Cheese, collard greens, milk, soy milk, rhubarb, sardines, spinach, tofu, yogurt = sources of?

Answer 10

Calcium

Question 11

Chvostek’s sign and Trousseau’s sign are tests for which electrolyte imbalance?

Answer 11

HYPOcalcemia and HYPERphosphatemia

Question 12

What does Chvostek’s sign look like?

Answer 12

Contraction of facial muscles in response to light tap on the facial nerve in front of ear.

Question 13

What does Trousseau’s sign look like?

Answer 13

Carpal spasm/constriction induced by inflating a BP cuff above systolic pressure for a few minutes

Question 14

What vitamin aids in the absorption of calcium?

Answer 14

vitamin D

Question 15

what precautions are initiated for a person with hypokalemia?

Answer 15

seizure precautions

Question 16

What is calcium gluconate?

Answer 16

for acute calcium deficit

Question 17

Dysrhythmias are associated with what imbalance?

Answer 17

Hypercalcemia

Question 18

Interventions for hypercalcemia

Answer 18

increase mobility, assist with ROM, monitor LOC, avoid thazide diuretics

Question 19

Severe flank pain, abdominal pain, and urinary stones are related to which imbalance?

Answer 19

hypercalcemia

Question 20

Normal Value for Magnesium

Answer 20

1.6 - 2.6 mg/dL

Question 21

what precautions are initiated for a person with hypomagnesemia?

Answer 21

seizure precautions

Question 22

dysrhythmias can occur for ____ or ____ deficit?

Answer 22

calcium and magnesium

Question 23

Reduced deep tendon reflexes are signs of what imbalance?

Answer 23

HYPERmagnesemia

Question 24

avocados, canned white tuna fish, cauliflower, oatmeal, green leafy veggies, yogurt, milk, peanut butter, peas, meat, potatoes, raisins = source of?

Answer 24

magnesium

Question 25

HypoTN, bradycardia, weak pulse, sweating, flushing, resp depression are s/sx of?

Answer 25

Hypermagnesemia

Question 26

Normal Values for Phosphorous

Answer 26

2.7 - 4.5 mg/dL

Question 27

Fish, organ meats, nuts, meat, whole grain breads and cereals = source of?

Answer 27

Phosphorous

Question 28

What kind of foods should be decreased when pt has hypophosphatemia?

Answer 28

calcium-rich foods

Question 29

What is aluminum hydroxide gel for?

Answer 29

increasing fecal excretion of phosphorous by binding phosphorous from food in the GI tract