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NUR 307 Foundations > Electrolytes > Flashcards

Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

fluid intake requirements

A 
male = 3500 mL/day
female = 2700 mL/day

20% gained from food alone

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2
Q

fluid output

A

urine = 1500-2000 mL/day

skin, lung, feces = about 300 mL/each/day

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3
Q

urination leads to loss of which electrolytes?

A

sodium, potassium

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4
Q

hypovolemia

A

loss of fluid AND electrolytes

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5
Q

dehydration

A

loss of fluid

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6
Q

risks for hypovolemia

A 
emesis
excessive gastric suction
diarrhea
sweating
excessive urination
third spacing
blood loss
poor intake
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7
Q

risks for dehydration

A

hyperventilation
fever
diabetic ketoacidosis
enteral feeding w/poor water intake

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8
Q

signs and symptoms of hypovolemia and dehydration

A 
dry skin/mucous membranes
excessive thirst
poor skin turgor
decreased urine output
hypotension
tachycardia
tachypnea
dizziness, confusion, fatigue, syncope
weight loss
slow capillary refill
sunken eyes (fontannels for infants)
no tears
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9
Q

hypervolemia

A

excess water AND sodium which increases blood volume

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10
Q

overhydration

A

excess water > electrolytes

hemodilution d/t imbalance of H20

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11
Q

risks for hypervolemia

A

heart failure
poor kidney function
hypertonic fluid admin
excessive sodium intake

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12
Q

risks for overhydration

A

head injuries
anesthesia
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
replacing loss w/H20 not electrolytes

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13
Q

signs and symptoms of hypervolemia and overhydration

A 
high BP
bounding pulse
tachycardia
confusion, muscle weakness
pale, cool skin
edema, ascites
crackles
weight gain
dyspnea
JVD
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14
Q

lab test specific to FVD

A

glucose

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15
Q

lab tests specific to FVE

A

ABG, creatinine

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16
Q

major electrolytes

A 
sodium
potassium
calcium
magnesium
chloride
phosphorus
bicarbonate
17
Q

sodium

A

135-145 mEq/L
ECF
regulates fluid volume
reabsorbed by kidneys

18
Q

hyponatremia

A

water moves INTO the cell, causing cellular swelling

19
Q

hypernatremia

A

water moves OUT of cell, causing cellular dehydration

20
Q

S/S sodium imbalance

A 
tachycardia
hypoTN
HA, confusion
decreased DTR
hyperactive bowel, abdominal cramps
N/V
21
Q

potassium

A

35-5 mEq/L
ICF
regulates muscle contraction, cardiac conduction
eliminated by kidneys

22
Q

S/S hypokalemia

A 
weak, irregular pulse
hypoTN
muscle cramping
confusion
premature ventricular contractions, flattened T waves, ST depression
hypoactive bowel sounds
N/V/D
23
Q

S/S hyperkalemia

A 
slow, irregular pulse
decreased DTR
confusion
ventricular fibrillation, peaked T waves, widened QRS, cardiac arrest
diarrhea
24
Q

calcium

A

9-10.5 mg/dL

regulates bone and muscle health

25
Q

S/S hypocalcemia

A 
numbness, tingling
muscle spasms
hyperactive DTR
facial twitch (Chvostek's sign)
BP cuff twitch (Trousseau's sign)
prolonged QT interval and ST
hyperactive bowel, diarrhea
seizures
26
Q

S/S hypercalcemia

A 
decreased DTR
bone pain
dysrhythmias
increased risk of blood clots
lethargy, confusion
27
Q

magnesium

A

1.3-3.1 mEq/L

alcoholism, laxative abuse huge causes of hypomagnesemia

28
Q

S/S hypomagnesemia

A 
hyperactive DTR
muscle tetany
Chvostek
Trousseau
seizures
hypoactive bowel, constipation
tachycardia
HTN

alcoholism, laxative abuse may cause

29
Q

S/S hypermagnesemia

A 
decreased DTR
muscle paralysis
decreased RR
bradycardia
lethargy

laxatives containing Mg may cause

30
Q

chloride

A

ECF

bound to other ions (like sodium)

31
Q

phosphate

A

ICF

bound w/calcium in teeth and bones, but has inverse relationship w/Ca2+

32
Q

bicarbonate

A

ICF and ECF

acid base balance regulated by kidneys; produced to act as a buffer

33
Q

blood pH

A

nml 7.35-7.45
acidosis <7.35
alkalosis >7.45

34
Q

pCO2

A

respiratory pH control
nml 35-45
resp acidosis (CO2 retention) >45
resp alkalosis (excessive ventilation) <35

35
Q

HCO3

A

bicarbonate pH control
nml 22-26
met acidosis <22
met alkalosis >26

NUR 307 Foundations (1 decks)

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