Electrolytes

Question 1

Causes of hypocal

Answer 1

parathyroid
low vit D
Hyper phos

Question 2

Treatment for hypocal

Answer 2

correct hypomag first

IV cal, cal gluconate, cal chloride

Question 3

What is a con with hypo cal and pancreatic pats

Answer 3

they might have low cal bec of cal crystals forming and depositing in the retroperitoneum

Question 4

Normal cal lev

Answer 4

8.5-10.2

Question 5

Treatment for hypercal

Answer 5

Cinacalcet (Sensipar)

removal of PTH bec of hyperparathyroidism

Question 6

Causes of hypercal

Answer 6

cancer

calcium and vitamin D supplements.

Question 7

What level of hypokal is life threatening

Answer 7

less than 2.5

Question 8

Hypokal mani’s

Answer 8

paresthesias
ST depression
decreased DTR’s and GI motility
muscle wkness and cramps

Question 9

When should we use EKG’s with hypokal

Answer 9

less than 2.5

Question 10

Hyperkal mani’s

Answer 10

mus wkness and fatigue
parasthesias
N/V
heart probs

Question 11

How much IV pot can be given at one time

Answer 11

20mEqs

Question 12

How should pot be given through IV

Answer 12

slow and preferably through central line

Question 13

Treatment for hyperkal

Answer 13

IV calcium 
insulin
sodium bicarbonate albuterol
diuretics 
Patiromer

Question 14

What type of pat might you see more often taking Patiromer for hyperkal

Answer 14

a dialysis pat that continually has hyperkal between dialysis

Question 15

normal mag range

Answer 15

1.5 – 2.5

Question 16

Foods with high mag

Answer 16

Whole wheat
Spinach
black beans
avocados.

Question 17

causes of hypomag

Answer 17

Inadequate dietary intake, diarrhea
celiac disease
hungry bone syndrome diabetes.

Question 18

mani’s of hypomag

Answer 18

Abnormal eye movements (nystagmus)
Torsades de pointe
convulsions
fatigue
muscle spasms or cramps, weakness

Question 19

treatment for hypomag

Answer 19

mag orally

IV for severe

Question 20

Mani’s of hypermag

Answer 20

same as hypomag

Question 21

Treatment for hypermag

Answer 21

IV calcium

diuretics

Question 22

treatment for hyponatremia

Answer 22

Slow IV

or 3% saline in the ICU

Question 23

Treatment for hypernatremia

Answer 23

oral water

IV 5% dextrose or 0.45% NS

Question 24

Phosphate normal range

Answer 24

2.5-4.5

Question 25

What foods have high phosphorus

Answer 25

``` meats poultry kfish nutss beans dairy ```

Question 26

Causes of hypophos

Answer 26

alc burns diuretic use starvation

Question 27

Mani's of hypophos

Answer 27

``` CNS changes bone wkness and pain WG or W loss irregular breathing mus wk ```

Question 28

hypophos treatment

Answer 28

orally | IV when below 1mg/dL or severe symps

Question 29

Mani's of hyperphos

Answer 29

Mus wk to tetany perioral numbness bone pain pruritis and rash

Question 30

Causes of hyperphos

Answer 30

Low parathyroid hormone levels (hypoparathyroidism) high vitamin D levels diabetic ketoacidosis severe muscle damage sepsis

Question 31

treatment for hyperphos

Answer 31

uncontrolled diabetes hypoparathy kid dis phosphate binders