Electrolytes Basic Must Knows

Question 1

Predominant CATION in the extracellular fluid

Answer 1

Sodium

“Potassium In, Sodium Out” - Extacellular –> Out

Question 2

Electrolyte responsible for DNA replication

Answer 2

Magnesium

Question 3

Electrolyte used for ATP production

Answer 3

Magnesium, Phosphate

Question 4

Sodium is 99% reabsorbed by the renal tubules, influced by what hormone?

Answer 4

Aldosterone

Question 5

This hormone blocks secretion of both aldosterone and renin

Answer 5

Atrial Natriuretic Factor

Question 6

The most common electrolyte disorder

Answer 6

Hyponatremia

Question 7

For every ______ increase in blood glucose, there is a decrease by _______ mmol/L of serum sodium

Answer 7

For every 100mg/dL increase in blood glucose, there is a decrease by 1.6 mmol/L of serum sodium

Question 8

Methods of determination for Sodium

Answer 8

• FEP (Yellow)
• ISE - glass aluminum silicate
• AAS
• Colorimetry - albanese-lein

Question 9

Reference and Panic Value for Sodium

Answer 9

RV: 135-145 mmol/L
PV: <120mmol/L

Question 10

Major Intracellular Cation

Answer 10

Potassium

Question 11

Major difference in function of sodium and potassium

Answer 11

• Sodium - for regulation of serum osmolality
• Potassium - for regulation of intracellular volume and H+ concentration; contraction of heart and excitibility of muscles

Decreased serum osmolality = increased sodium loss

Question 12

Classify Addison’s disease for potassium and sodium levels

Answer 12

Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia

Question 13

Classify diabetic acidosis’ sodium levels

Answer 13

Hyponatremia

Question 14

Classify severe dehydration’s sodium levels

Answer 14

Hypernatremia

Question 15

Describe the acid-base balance influence of potassium in the body

Answer 15

Acidosis - favors K efflux
Alkalosis - favors K influx

Question 16

Hormones that influences intracellular shifting of Potassium

Answer 16

Insulin, Cathecolamines, Aldosterone

Question 17

Potassium reference value

Answer 17

3.5 to 5.1 mmol/L

Question 18

Methods used for potassium determination

Answer 18

1. FEP (Violet)
2. ISE - valinomycin gel
3. AAS
4. Colorimetry - Lockhead-Purcell

Question 19

Classify Cushing’s disease sodium and potassium levels

Answer 19

Hypernatremia
Hypokalemia

Question 20

At what levels do weakness, fatigue, constipation appear with hypokalemia?

Answer 20

Below 3 mmol/L

Question 21

Most abundant cation in the body
Third most abundant in the blood

Answer 21

Calcium

Question 22

Most abundant extracellular anion cation

Answer 22

Anion = Chloride
Cation = Sodium

Question 23

The only ion that serves as an enzyme activator

Answer 23

Chloride

Question 24

Used for diagnosis of cystic fibrosis

Answer 24

Sweat chloride

Question 25

Method for determination for Calcium

Answer 25

1. Schales and Scahles - Mercurimetric Method 2. Cotlove - coloumetric amperometric titration 3. ISE - electrodes with AgCl membranes

Question 26

Does PTH increase or decrease by: * stimulating release of calcium from bones * stimulating reabsorption of calcium * increase absorption of calcium

Answer 26

Increase

Question 27

Does calcitonin increase or decrease plasma calcium concentration?

Answer 27

Decrease | By stimulating uptake of calcium by bones and increase calcium excr

Question 28

Two forms of calcium in plasma

Answer 28

* Protein-Bound - 80% to albumin, 20% to globulin * Free calcium - with citrates, bicarbonates

Question 29

Calcium methods of determination

Answer 29

1. AAS - Reference Method 2. ISE -liquid membrane, to measure ionized calcium 3. Dye-binding 4. Clark-Collip Precipitation - purple end point 5. Ferro-Ham Chloronilic Acid - react with EDTA

Question 30

4th most abundant cation and 2nd most abundant intracellular ion

Answer 30

Magnesium

Question 31

Most affected by hemolysis

Answer 31

1. Potassium 2. Magnesium

Question 32

This electrolyte is used as a therapeutic agent (anti-convulsant, laxative, antacid effects) and can be obtained from dietary sources such as nuts, vegetables, etc.

Answer 32

Magnesium

Question 33

Only ion that serves as an enzyme activator

Answer 33

Chloride

Question 34

Major intracellular anion used to maintain pH of body fluids and an important constituent of bones

Answer 34

Phosphate

Question 35

Enumerate anion gap formulas and their reference values

Answer 35

* Na - (Cl + HC03): 7-16 mmol/L * (Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3): 10-20 mmol/L

Question 36

Electrolytes responsible for Acid-Base Balance

Answer 36

HCO3, K, Cl

Question 37

Electrolytes responsible for blood coagulation

Answer 37

Calcium, Magnesium

Question 38

Cofactors in enzyme activation

Answer 38

Mg, Ca, Zn

Question 39

Electrolytes for myocardial rhythm and contractility

Answer 39

K, Mg, Ca

Question 40

Production and use of ATP from glucose

Answer 40

Mg, PO4

Question 41

Regulation of ATPase pumps

Answer 41

Mg

Question 42

Volume and osmotic regulation

Answer 42

Na, K, Cl