ELECTROLYTES - FUNCTION AND CONDITIONS Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is the normal value and function of Sodium (Na)?
135-145 mEq/L
It maintains extracellular fluid volume, regulates membrane potential, active transport with potassium.
The condition when Sodium level is elevated in the body and what value?
Hypernatremia
> 145mmol/L
What happens when you have Hypernatremia?
tachypnea
sleeping difficulty
restlessness
The condition when Sodium level is below normal? and it’s value?
Hyponatremia
< 135 mmol/L
What happens when you have Hyponatremia?
Headaches
Confusion
Nausea
Delirium
What is the normal value and function of Potassium (K)?
3.5-5.3 mEq/L
It is an intracellular ion that regulates sodium-potassium pump which is critical for muscle and nerve function.
The condition when the potassium level is elevated? and its value?
Hyperkalemia
>5.5 mmol/L
The condition when the potassium level is below normal? And it’s value?
Hypokalemia
< 3.6 mmol/L
What happens when you have Hyperkalemia?
arrhythmia
muscle cramp
weakness
What happens when you have Hypokalemia?
weakness
fatique
muscle twitching
hypokalemic paralysis
What is the normal value and function of Calcium (Ca^2+)?
4.5 - 5.5 mEq/L OR 8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL
It is involved in bone mineralization, muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and blood clotting.
The condition when the Calcium level is elevated? and its value?
Hypercalcemia
> 10.7 mg/dL
When do you usually see Hypercalcemia?
In patients who have hyperthyroidism, malignancy
The condition when calcium level is below normal? and it’s value?
Hypocalcemia
< 8.8mg/dL
When do you usually see hypocalcemia?
In patients who have vitamin D defiency, hypothyroidism, who had post-thyroidectomy.
What is the function of Bicarbonate (HCO-3)?
Maintains acid-base balance and is regulated by the kidneys
What could be the reason behind elevated Bicarbonate level?
Excess Bicarbonate due to kidney related disorders
What could be the cause of a low Bicarbonate level?
Loss occurs due to diarrhea and acid-base imbalance
What is the normal value and function of Magnesium (Mg^3+)?
1.5 - 2.5 mEq/L OR 1.6 - 2.5 mg?/dL
It is an intracellular cation that contributes to ATP metabolism, to muscle and nerve function, and neurotransmitter release.
What do we call the condition when a patient has elevated magnesium level?
Hypermagnesemia
What do we call the condition when the patient has low level of Magnesium?
Hypomagnesemia
What are the causes of Hypomagnesemia?
Associated with alchohol use, gastrointestinal conditions, Renal loss, ventricular arrhythmias
What is the normal value and function Chloride (Cl-)?
5 - 105 mEq/L
It is a major extracellular anion that regulates osmotic balance maintained by kidneys.
What do we call the condition of having elevated Chloride level?
Hyperchloremia
