Electromagnetic Induction Flashcards
What is electromagnetic induction?
The generation of an emf when the magnetic flux linkage through a coil changes or a conductor cut across magnetic field lines.
What happens when a magnet is moved near a wire?
A small current passes through the wire. This happens because an emf is induced in the wire. If the wire is part of a circuit, the induced emf forces electrons around the circuit. The emf becomes 0 when relative motion between magnet and wire stops. But no emf is induced if the wire is parallel to the magnetic field lines as it moves through the field.
What is induced emf increased by?
Moving the wire faster, using a stronger magnet, making the wire into a coil and pushing the magnet in or out of the coil.
Why does electromagnetic induction occur?
A wire has lots of free electrons in it. When it is moved in a magnetic field, the electrons experience a force at right angles to their motion. This forces the electrons to one end and away from the other end so one end is negative and the other is positive. In this way, an emf is induced in the wire.
Fleming’s right hand rule
Applies to generators. Thumb is direction of motion of conductor. First finger is the direction of the magnetic field. Second finger is direction of the current (the way a positive charge moves).
Describe the magnetic field of a long coil (solenoid) connected to a battery with a current passing through it.
A magnetic field is produced in and around the solenoid. The field lines do through the coil and loop around the outside back to where they started from. The current passes anti-clockwise round the north pole end and clockwise round the south pole end.
What is Lenz’s law
When a current is induced by electromagnetic induction, the direction of the induced current is always such as to oppose the change that causes the current.
What happens when a north pole end of a magnet enters a coil of wire?
A current is induced. The current flows anti-clockwise to create a north pole at the end the north pole of the magnet enters.
What is magnetic flux
It is the flux density of a magnetic field multiplied by an area perpendicular to the field. Unit weber (Wb)
Define magnetic flux linkage
The magnetic flux linkage through a coil is equal to the magnetic flux density times area perpendicular to field times number of turns in the coil.
What is the flux linkage through a coil at different angles to the field?
When the field is perpendicular to the coil face the flux linkage is BAN. When the coil is turned through 180 degrees from this position the flux linkage is -BAN. When field is parallel to the coil area the flux linkage is 0 as no field lines pass through the coil area.
What does theta represent in the flux linkage equation?
The angle between the magnetic field and the normal to the coil face
What is Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction?
The induced emf in a circuit is equal to the rate of change of magnetic flux linkage through the circuit.
Magnitude of induced emf for a moving conductor in magnetic field.
emf=Blv
Provided the conductor cuts across the field lines perpendicularly.
Graph of emf against time for alternating current generator.
Time 0 defined when coil is perpendicular to field lines. Sinusoidal curve starting at origin with amplitude of the peak emf and the time for one cycle is the time period of the cycle.
What is peak voltage or current?
The maximum voltage or current in either direction for an alternating current.
What is the peak to peak value?
The difference between the peak value one way and the peak value in the opposite direction (peak value x2).
What is the root mean square value of the alternating current?
The value of direct current that would give the same heating effect as the alternating current in the same resistor.
What is the mean power over a full cycle for a sinusoidal current?
Half the peak power.
What do the I0 V0 stand for in the rms equation?
Peak current or peak voltage.
What is back emf?
The emf induced in the spinning coil of an electric motor or in any coil in which the current is changing. It acts against the change of applied pd to the motor in accordance with Lenz’s law.
Equation for electrical power supplied by source pd to the motor.
Electrical power supplied by source = electrical power transferred to mechanical power + electrical power wasted due to circuit resistance.
IV= Iε + I^2xR
Where ε is induced emf (back emf) that acts against the pd applied to the motor.
How oscilloscopes are used.
Connected in parallel to the component. You can adjust the scale of the y and x axes using the voltage gain dial and the time base control dial. If the current is dc, it shows a straight line above rest position. If the current is alternating, it shows a sinusoidal curve.
Graph of power against time for alternating current
Sinusoidal curve but troughs just touch x-axis.
