electron structure and shapes of molecules

Question 1

shells

Answer 1

split into 4 Subshells

Question 2

s

Answer 2

1 orbital can hold 2 electrons

Question 3

p

Answer 3

3 orbitals can gold 6 electrons

Question 4

d

Answer 4

5 orbitals can hold 6 electrons

Question 5

f

Answer 5

7 orbitals hold 14 electrons

Question 6

principle quantum no 1

Answer 6

sub shells 1s
no of electrons 2

Question 7

principle quantum no2

Answer 7

2s 2p 8 electrons

Question 8

principle quantum no 3

Answer 8

3s 3p 3d 18 electrons

Question 9

higher shell no

Answer 9

the further it is from the nucleus
has a higher energy

Question 10

orbital shapes S

Answer 10

1 ORBITAL
holds 2 electrons
spherical
2 electrons can move anywhere in this sphere

Question 11

P orbital

Answer 11

3 orbitals can hold 6 electrons
dumbbell
when 2 electrons occupy 1 orbital they spin in opposite directions

Question 12

ionic bonding

Answer 12

ionic compounds are oppositely charged ions held together by electrostatic attractions
most ionic compounds dissolve in water
polar molecules they attract positive and negative ions and break up the structure
conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in solution as ions are free to move
hmp as strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 13

covalent bonding

Answer 13

sharing of outer electrons in order for atoms to obtain full shell
electrostatic attraction between shared electrons and positive nucleus

Question 14

dative covalent

Answer 14

1 atom donates two electrons 2 atom or ion 2 form a bond

Question 15

lp next to lp

Answer 15

repel more than 2bp

Question 16

bp

Answer 16

repel eachother equally

Question 17

linear

Answer 17

2bp 180

Question 18

trignol planar

Answer 18

3bp and can also have 2lp
120

Question 19

tetrahedral

Answer 19

4bp
109.5

Question 20

octahedral

Answer 20

6bp
90

Question 21

pyramidal

Answer 21

3bp 1lp
107

Question 22

bent

Answer 22

2bp 2lp
104.5

Question 23

square planar

Answer 23

4bp 2lp
90

Question 24

electronegativity

Answer 24

ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a covalent bond
the bigger the difference in electronegativity the more ionic it is

Question 25

polar bonds

Answer 25

covalent bonds can become polar if the atoms attached to it have a difference in electronegativity
bigger difference in electronegativity the more polar the bond will be

Question 26

induced dipole dipole

Answer 26

any atom or molecule with electrons can form a dipole when they move near another atom
electrons move from one end to another = temp dipole
atoms move away dipole interactions destroyed
delta + attracted to delta - on other atom (force of attraction)

Question 27

induced dipole dipole forces

Answer 27

hold some molecules in crystal structure
weak induced dipole dipole hold i2 molecules together
strong covalent bonds hold the 2 iodine molecules together

Question 28

bigger molecule

Answer 28

more IDD forces as larger electron cloud
when we boil a liquid we break IDD not covalent bonds

Question 29

permanent dipole dipole

Answer 29

weak electrostatic forces exist between molecules with polarity
permanent dipole dipole is stronger

Question 30

polar molecule test

Answer 30

charged rod near steady stream of polar liquid
liquid bends towards rod as molecules align to face oppositely charged rod

Question 31

hydrogen bonding

Answer 31

occurs in very electronegative elements
h bond occurs when h molecule forms bond with lone pair on N/O/F

Question 32

ice

Answer 32

regular structure held by hydrogen bonds
molecules further apart making ice less dense than water
hf has a hip than hcl as it has hydrogen bonding