Electronic Structure

Question 1

What do electrons have in the currently accepted model of the atom?

Answer 1

Fixed energies.

Question 2

What do electrons do in the currently accepted model of the atom?

Answer 2

They move around the nucleus in certain regions of the atom called shells or energy levels.

Question 3

What are the shells given in the currently accepted model of the atom?

Answer 3

A number called the principal quantum number.

Question 4

What happens when the shells are further away from the nucleus in the currently accepted model of the atom?

Answer 4

• It has a higher energy.

* It has a larger quantum number.

Question 5

What do experiments show about the electrons in a shell?

Answer 5

That not all the electrons in a shell have exactly the same energy.

Question 6

What do different electron shells have?

Answer 6

Different numbers of sub-shells, which each have a different energy.

Question 7

What can sub-shells be?

Answer 7

• s sub-shells
• p sub-shells
• d sub-shells
• f sub-shells

Question 8

How many sub-shells does the first electron shell contain?

Answer 8

One sub shell, 1s.

Question 9

How many sub-shells does the second electron shell contain?

Answer 9

Two sub shells, 2s and 2p.

Question 10

How many sub-shells does the third electron shell contain?

Answer 10

Three sub-shells, 3s, 3p and 3d.

Question 11

How many sub-shells does the fourth electron shell contain?

Answer 11

Four sub-shells, 4s, 4p, 4d and 4f.

Question 12

What do all the sub-shells have?

Answer 12

Different numbers of orbitals.

Question 13

How many electrons can each orbital hold?

Answer 13

2

Question 14

How many electrons can the s sub-shell hold?

Answer 14

2

Question 15

How many electrons can the p sub-shell hold?

Answer 15

6

Question 16

How many electrons can the d sub-shell hold?

Answer 16

10

Question 17

How many electrons can the f sub-shell hold?

Answer 17

14

Question 18

How many orbitals do the s sub-shells have?

Answer 18

1

Question 19

How many orbitals do the p sub-shells have?

Answer 19

3

Question 20

How many orbitals do the d sub-shells have?

Answer 20

5

Question 21

How many orbitals do the f sub-shells have?

Answer 21

7

Question 22

How man electrons can the first shell hold?

Answer 22

2

Question 23

How many electrons can the second shell hold?

Answer 23

8

Question 24

How many electrons can the third shell hold?

Answer 24

18

Question 25

How many electrons can the fourth shell hold?

Answer 25

32

Question 26

What is electron configuration?

Answer 26

The number of electrons that an atom or ion has, and how they are arranged.

Question 27

What are the ways of showing electron configurations?

Answer 27

* Sub-shell notation * Arrows in boxes * Energy level diagrams

Question 28

How do you show electron configurations using sub-shell notation?

Answer 28

image

Question 29

How do you show electron configurations using arrows in boxes?

Answer 29

* Each of the boxes represents one orbital. * Each arrow represents one electron. * The up and down arrows represents the electrons spinning in different directions. * Only two electrons can occupy one orbital. image

Question 30

How do you show electron configurations using energy level diagrams?

Answer 30

image

Question 31

What doe energy level diagrams show?

Answer 31

* The energy of the electrons in different orbitals. * The number of electrons * The arrangement of electrons.

Question 32

What rule applies to the electron configurations of ions?

Answer 32

You add or remove electrons for ions from the s and p blocks of the periodic table

Question 33

What rule applies while showing electron configurations using arrows in boxes?

Answer 33

The electrons fill orbitals in a sub-shell singly before they start sharing. image

Question 34

What rules applies to all electron configurations?

Answer 34

* The electrons fill up the lowest energy sub-shells first. | * The 4s sub-shell has a lower energy than the 3d sub-shell, so it fills up first.

Question 35

What are shortened electron configurations?

Answer 35

When noble gas symbols in square brackets are used to shorthand electron configurations. image